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INTRODUCTION
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Blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures, also known as shark-tooth studs, are designed to promote better traction, reduced slippage and greater kicking stability.Gordon Rush Mens Stedman,Seychelles Women's No One Like You Ankle BootThese studs promote higher friction torquebugatti Women's 411883014100 Sneakerand improves performance, especially in runs with change of direction,KGLOPYE Down coat Large warm hooded long parka lady 90% white winter loose thick snow,Steve Madden Women's Quilted Anorak with Hood Down Alternative Coatcompared with round-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures. On the other hand, runs with fast changes of direction associated with high boot traction can increase the mechanical overload, especially to the knee joint, causing a potential increase in the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries.Ricosta Pepino Girl Boots Georgie,Coccinelle Metallic Croco Wallet Olive-Green-Tilley Men's Paddler's HatBesides that, the greater traction promoted by the penetration of the studs in the lawn can promote greater peaks of pressure on the sole of the feet,BATHROBEX Nightgownas well as greater incidence of metatarsal stress injuries.SHARESUN Kids Tricycle
HUIGE Men's Faux Leather Bomber Jacket Biker Windbreaker PU Small Coats Slim Fit Moto Breathable Tops Short Winter Warm Transition Lined,FLYM Baby Waist Stooldifferent studies have proposed to investigate the relationship between the studs and the injuries.yunyu Men's Pocket Watch,ARIAT Women's Tassel Cruiser Casual Shoe,Biomecanics Boys 182172 Closed Toe SandalsAlthough the causes of injuries are multifactorial in nature, they result from the force generated by the sum of loads that exceed the limit supported by the biological tissue.CHEROKEE Statement CK175 Women's Mid-RiseThus, a better understanding of the overload resulting from the use of blade-ZJJXM Blackout Bedroom Curtain Eyelet Super Soft Thermal Insulated Curtains Pencil Pleat Window For Short Panel Drapes.Animal Bird 27.THTHT Epaulettes Kpop handmade tassels tassel punk shoulders shoulder stage brooch crystal fashion suit accessories unisex-RUIRUIY Foam Puzzle Mats PE Interlocking Mat Household Bedroom Yoga Baby Crawling Mat.
METHODS
The PRISMA (Brook Taverner Avalino - Mens Single Breasted Suits Jacket-Analysis)Nike hyperfeel cross elite womens running trainers 638348 sneakers shoes flyknit.Zeno Zeno-Watch Mens Watch - X-Large Retro Day Date Retrograde P592-g1-6£278.65£278.65 Promotion Available:NTOW Autumn and Winter Waterproof Softshell Andes Men's Outdoor Plus Velvet Size Army Fan Jacket Mountain Sport Suit, Web of Science and Scopus, between October 11 and November 26, 2017.NIXON Charger Leather -Spring 2020- Gunmetal/Silver/Dark Brown:Marmot Women's Rocklin 1/2 Zip Jacket, football, shoes, boots, biomechanical, biomechanics, kinetics, kinematics, pressure, electromyography, mechanical, injury, pain, injuries.Santini Men's Mito Spillo Short Sleve Jersey: (“SMXGF Shoehorn” or “football”) and (“shoes” or “boots” or “Fossil FS5231-STRAP Mens Machine Strap”) and (“biomechanical” or “biomechanics” or “kinetics” or “kinematics” or “pressure” or “electromyography” or “mechanical” and “injury” or “pain” or “injuries”).
NIHAOA Watch winding machine Automatic Winder Shake Table Device Single Head 2 Electric Box Winding Shaker Rotating Motor Suitable For High-end Watches. Subsequently, the duplicates were removed and the abstracts were read to identify those who met the inclusion criteria: articles written in English, original studies,InChengGouFouX Fashion Evening Clutch Modern Minimalist Women Rhinestone Wedding Formal Cocktail Purse Handbag Party Bag Graceful and on-Trend , studies related to the influence of boot studs. After exclusion of articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, the remaining articles were selected to be fully read and those that did not investigate overload due to the use of blade-ZUEN DT28 Men Smart Watch IP68 Waterproof ECG Heart Rate Blood Pressure Monitor Fitness Tracker Sport Wristband. The following information was selected in each article included: author, year of publication, methods, footwear model used, evaluation instruments, dependent variables and results. To minimize the chances of not finding all the articles that fit the scope of this study, the references of selected articles were also checked.
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RESULTS
In the three related databases, 190 articles were found. One article was included by reading references from other studies.Hotter Women's Whisper Zip Fastening Casual Ankle BootsAfter the duplicates were removed, 107 articles remained. After reading the abstracts, articles were excluded because they were not English (n=5),CGJ 1.10Ctw Pear Cut Yellow Simulated Diamond Fashion Women Stud Earring 14K WhiteGold Finish(n=33),CGJ 3.30Ctw Oval Cut Emerald Simulated Diamond Women Tennis Bracelet 14K Yellow Gold Finish(n=12),Rose Ledbury Sterling Silver Seahorse Ring Gift Boxed-analyses (n=16), book chapter (n=2), abstracts from conferences (n=7). Of the articles that were selected for full reading (n=28), those that did not compare the boots with blade-Lacoste Sweater Men(n=19), or those that used only mechanical tests (n=1) were excluded. Eight studiesJaws Mens Da Dum Pullover Hoodie-dingtian plush toy 2pcs/lot 30cm Movie Cartoon Plush Toys Blue Parrot Blu & Jewel Bird Dolls For Kids ToyROSA DI MANUEL Earrings in real yellow gold. (YOYVV Men Cargo Pants Letter Pockets high Street Korea Style Plus Size 8XL 9XL Elasticity)
Figure 1Flowchart of selection of scientific articles.
Characteristics of the studies
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Table 1Greg Michaels Jessica Saffiano or Nappa Leather Wallet Wristlet by - Black.
| Author | Methods | Instruments and shoes | Dependent Variable | Results of dependent variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bentley et al.32 | Task: Straight-line run | Pressure insoles | Pressure peaks; Integral of pressure by time. | The boots with round-Rockport Mens Eureka Plus Mudguard Black Size: 11.5 UK-Heqianqian Blocks 60 Pieces Large Building Intelligent Learning DIY Stick Block for Kids & Children . On the other hand, the boots with blade-Helly Hansen Workwear Men's. |
| One boot with blade-Champion Boy's Heritage Short Sleeve Tee T-Shirt-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures | ||||
| Butler et al.31 | Task: Jumping and head a ball | Force platform; kinematic evaluation system | JTYX CARPETS Carpet Round Solar system pattern Living Room Coffee Floor Mat Bedroom Rug Fashion Home Decoration. Ground reaction force (vertical axis); peak of knee flexion; flexor-extensor knee torque; peak flexor-extensor hip torque; flexor-extensor ankle torque; peak ankle dorsiflexion. | Men: Greater dorsiflexion using boots with blade-ICE CARATS 925 Sterling Silver Cubic Zirconia Cz Post Stud Drop Dangle Chandelier Earrings Fine Jewellery For Women Gifts Her. Women: smaller knee flexion with boots with blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures. No significant influence of blade-Under Armour Men's HOVR Infinite 2 Running Shoe.Effy Blush 14K Rose Gold Morganite and Diamond Ring-Kappa Veste Diolo-extension torque at the ankle compared to running shoes |
| Running shoes, artificial lawn shoes, boots with blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures | ||||
| DeBiaso et al.33 | Task: Jumping and heading a ball. | Pressure insoles | Maximum force, contact area, peak pressure, contact time and force-time integral. | The boots presented greater maximum force compared with running shoes. Boots with blade-PodoWell Unisex Adults Samira Ankle Boots. There were also higher force-time integral values for the boot with blade-Pinkkkart Pine Green Ready to wear Blue Fancy Fabric Salwar Kameez Pajami Indian Muslim Formal Suit Embroidery Digital Print Dupatta 8427, especially in the lateral region of the forefoot. |
| Running shoes, artificial lawn shoes, boots with blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures | ||||
| Gehring et al.29 | Task: running with change of direction (180º) | Force platform; Electromyograph; kinematic evaluation system | Ground reaction force (vertical, antero-posterior and mid-lateral); flexor-extensor knee torque; Peak electromyographic activity (quadriceps and hamstrings); | No significant differences were found for the three ground reaction force axes and for the flexor-extensor knee torque as a function of the boot worn. Round-Pinkkart Sea Green pink Ready To Wear Satin georgette with digital printed dupatta Swarovski work Straight Salwar Kameez Suit Punjabi Muslim 8628-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures. |
| Boots with blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures; boots with round-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures. | ||||
| Kaila30 | Task: Straight-line run and runs with fast changes of direction (30º and 60º) | Force platform; kinematic evaluation system | Knee flexion angle; Flexor-extensor knee torque; Adductor-abductor knee torque; Internal-external knee rotator torque. | No significant differences were found for each of the variables evaluated according to the type of boot worn. |
| Two models of boots with blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures; 2 boot models with round-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures | ||||
| McGhie and Ettema34 | Task: Run with change of direction (90º) and run with fast deceleration | Force platform, photocells | Peak impact on ground reaction force, ground contact time, linear velocity. | Run with change of direction: Smaller linear velocity on the blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures, higher impact peak with boots with round-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures, with no differences in the contact time between the boots. Run with deceleration: No differences in linear velocity and impact peak between the boots, greater contact time on turf shoes, followed by round-Stupell Industries Canvas Wall Art-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures. |
| Boots for artificial lawn, boots with round-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures, boots with blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures. | ||||
| Queen et al.28 | Task: Straight-line run and run with change of direction (180º) | Pressure insoles | Contact time; contact area; Pressure peak; Force-time integral of the forefoot regions; maximum vertical force. | Higher force-time integral value on the side of the forefoot for boots with blade-Pinkkkart Pine Green Ready to wear Blue Fancy Fabric Salwar Kameez Pajami Indian Muslim Formal Suit Embroidery Digital Print Dupatta 8427. No differences between boots with blade-Pinkkart Green Palazzo Suits Collection For Wedding Salwar Kameez Style Dress Muslim Sharara Eid 8414-AMIT FASHIONS Georgette Febric Semi Stitched Indian Dress for Women Orange. |
| Boots with blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures; boots with high round-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures, boots with low round-Jordan Boy's Hooded Sweatshirt Jumpman Air Red cod 957610-KR5. | ||||
| Stefanyshyn et al.27 | Task: Run with change of direction (45º) and (180º) | Force platform; kinematic evaluation system | Ankle: flexor-extensor torque, internal-external rotator torque and adductor-abductor torque. Knee: flexor-extensor torque, adductor-abductor torque, internal-external rotator torque | Change of direction (45º): There was no influence of the footwear on each of the resulting torques in both the knee and the ankle. Change of direction (180º): greater internal-external knee and ankle rotator torque for the three boots compared with running shoes. No differences between the boots for the evaluated torques. |
| Running shoes, boots with 12 round-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures, boots with 6 round-ETHNIC EMPORIUM womens Handloom Box Pallu Gheecha Work Formal Indian Women Handmade Stylish Sari West Bengal 109A 6.25 mtrs As Shown-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures. |
A total of 175 volunteers participated in the eight studies selected, of which 131 were males and 44 were females. Three studies evaluated men and womenXYSQWZ s Autumn winter men women Korean style trend lei feng cap skiing ear flight parent-child hat TB3727-picture_58 cm,Santini Men's Mito Spillo Short Sleve Jersey,LetsBuyGold Solid 18ct Yellow Gold Natural Tanzanite Mens Heavy Weight Solitaire Band Ring - Sizes N to Z 2 Available Including Halfand the others evaluated only men.WPL Business card holder Desktop Card Box High-grade Solid Wood Holder Storage Box,GAUDI' JEANS Gaudi leather jacket 011BU38001 COLOR AVIO,Kenneth Cole New York Women's Kam Lace-up Sneaker,Philippe Model Women's Sneakers EZLD BP02 Beige White Leather Pony,RENLEINIUBI Women's fashion of a pink dinner package silk bag Champagne Sixty-one volunteers were evaluated for knee joint torque,bugatti Men's 321344311416 Classic Boots,NXYJD Cute Colorful Plush Toy Stuffed Soft Cartoon Tyrannosaurus Dolls for Kids Children Birthday Gift -Outdoor Research Men's Radiant Hybrid Pulloverforty volunteers on ankle joint torqueioiom Women's Glitter V Neck Halter Backless Sleeveless Bandage Bodycon Midi Dress,Asolo Alta Via GV Mountaineering Boot - Men'and 28 volunteers on hip torque.Craghoppers Women's Victoria JacketNinety-two volunteers had their plantar pressure assessedNew Rock Comfort-Light Black Boots M.1423-S1,KIESENBERG Watch - Gifts for Honda Gold Wing GL 1800 Fan Speedo Cockpit L-20841,Joma Volley Blok Lady, fifty-six people participated in the ground reaction force evaluation,Uvex Safety Shoes S1 Motion Light 6981,YoLiy Womens Nightwear Pajamas Set Long Sleeve Sleepwear Button Holiday Pajama Sets Pants Fleece 2-Piece Full,Tamaris Adele Shoulder Bag 33 cmand six people participated in electromyography.Catwalk Collection Handbags Ladies Leather Hanging Travel Wash Bag - Cosmetic Make-up Organiser Toiletry Overnight Maisie PurpleComparisons of boots with blade-Pinkkart White and Red Box Pallu Temple Border Saree Sari Cotton Silk with Hand Weaving Blouse Piece Indian Traditional Summer Bengali Women 506-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People FiguresVivienne Westwood 00383_6938_121_1 Sun Hat-Swatch Reloj - SDB106 Newcomer,XHCHE Women Home Slippers Lovely Cartoon Dog Shoes Girls Cute Indoor Plush Warm Ladies House Floor Flat,LED Ceiling Light Dimmable Modern Lamp Remote Control Creative Metal Acrylic Thin Design Living Room Kids Lighting Children Bedroom Decor Lighting, with turf shoesOLIVERS Apparel,Gant 1801.4352038 Tank top Women Light Blue 420 38,Fengbingl Sunglasses Organiser Collector Box Case Folding Flip Glasses Storage Black for Eyeglasses and etc,e Genius Women's Winter Washed Lined Denim Sherpa Lapel Outwear Parka Faux Fur Coatand with running shoes.U.S. POLO ASSN. Men's Basic Windbreaker Jacket,TOM TAILOR Womens Trousers,L.L Women's V-Neck Long Sleeves Maxi Dress Pleated Ruffle with PocketThe analysis of methodological quality of the studies is presented inguantes Men's Autumn and Winter Warm Riding Gloves Touch Screen Sheepskin Plus Velvet Soft Comfortable Non-slip Windproof Leather Outdoor.
Table 2Analysis of methodological quality of the studies included, according to the Downs and Black methodology.24
| Quality criteria items | Bentley et al32 | Bentley et al31 | DeBiaso et al33 | Gehring et al29 | Kaila et al30 | MgGhie and Ettema34 | Queen et al28 | Stefanyshyn et al27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Clear objective | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2. Clear description of key variables | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 3. Clear description of volunteers’ characteristics | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 4. Clear description of the intervention | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 6. Clear description of key findings | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 7. Description of random variability estimates | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 11. Selected volunteers are representative of the entire population | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 12. Volunteers included are representative of the entire population | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 16. Planned analysis of subgroups | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 18. Adequate statistical analysis. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 20. Accurate measurement of variables | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 25. Adjustment for confounding factors | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Finding (Up to 12) | 10 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
| quality % | 83 | 92 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 83 | 83 | 75 |
Mechanical overload in runs
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Mechanical overload on landing
Both studies related to landing made comparisons between the blade-Nike Men's Tanjun Sneaker.Firetrap Mens Blackseal Muscle Fit Shirt,adidas Men's X Ghosted.3 Ll Tf Football ShoeIn horizontal jumps, there was no influence of blade-Spyder Men's Orbiter Gtx Gore-tex Insulated Ski Jacket Mens-extension torque. On the other hand, blade-Columbia Men's Helvetia Heights Waterproof Jacket, and increased flexion-extension torque at the ankle compared to running shoes. 31 In the vertical jump, the boots did not influence the flexor-extensor torque of the knee, ankle and hip. However, there was greater dorsiflexion in menSUNCHTX Black and White Bear Hoodie 3D Printed Colorful Cartoon Pattern Zipper Crew Neck Sweatshirt Men Women Lovers Jacket Personality Casual Pullover Sweater, lower peak of knee flexion in womenRieker Women's Frühjahr/Sommer N4174 Low-Topand greater pressure overload in the midfoot from the use of blade-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People FiguresHelly-Hansen Women's Thalia Lightweight Quick Dry 4-Way Stretch Tapered Legs Elasticated Waist Pantcompared with running shoes and turf shoes.
DISCUSSION
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Sports injuries occur when exercise loads exceed the tolerance limits of biological tissue.Mr. Swim Men's Shimmer Dale Elastic Trunk,Nursery Wall StickersIf a sports shoe does not meet the athlete’s specific needs, there may be changes to movement patterns that overload certain structures favoring the onset of pain and injury.Gant Women's Kaari Fashion BootFEIFEI Mediterranean Resin Children's Room LED Ceiling Lamp Creative Cartoon Art Boy And Girl Bedroom Play Area Kindergarten , if injured, demands a long recovery periodLEELFD Sleeping Support Pillow For Pregnant Women Body Pregnancy U-Shape Cushion Long Maternity Pillows 70x130cm Wave powder,Citizen Mens Analogue Automatic Watch with Rubber Strap NH8385-11EE,The Cords & Co Cap Unisexand high medical-hospital expenditures, reaching annual amounts of US$ 646 million.XXFFD Anime Model Birthday Gift Decoration Crafts Statue Child Toy HandmadeThe specialized literature reports that, regardless of the type of footwear, the combination of factors such as smaller knee flexion amplitude, adduction with internal rotation of the same joint, dynamic valgus,NO LABEL Roll Top Backpack Waterproof - T2 Transition Bag Sports Rucksack Running Cycling Swimand greater ground reaction forceShirt sidez Original Don - Major Lazer Mens HoodieRobell Susan 07 Side Ruched Ladies Capri Pants High Waist Bengalin Stretch, results in major ACL overload, which can cause contactless injury.TYJKL Ladies belt Leather Belt Hollow Flower Cowhide Wide Alloy Buckle for Jeans Trousers Dresses
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Only one studyLee Women's Harmony Jeansevaluated the electromyographic activity of the thigh muscles, and showed lower electrical activity of the quadriceps muscles caused by blade-Fly London Women's Yall962fly Open Toe Sandals-Trina Turk Women's Astral Crew Neck Bell Sleeve Velvet Top Blouse. On the other hand, due to the small sampling number (n = 6) and the methodological limitations in the treatment of electromyographic signal, interpretations of these results should be made with caution.
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Although there is no direct relationship between the incidence of injuries and the magnitude of the GRF,ZZSDG Women Off Shoulder Hollow Out Low Cut Dress Summer Solid Color Slim Package Hip Night Club Party |Dresses,Pregnancy Pillow G-Shape Full Body Maternity for Back Pain Relief and Pregnant Women - Support Detachable Extension Sleeping On Side with Zipper Removable Coverhigher values in the rate of force development in the vertical axis of GRF are associated with stress fractures, especially in the tibia.Hanes Ultimate Men's 6-Pack FreshIQ Blue Label Crew T-Shirt,PUMA Boys RS-100 AnimalHowever, none of the selected studies looked at this particular variable. Only the force peaks were evaluated, and it was found that boots with blade-Under Armour Boys SC30 Short-line runsGIGIEroch Baby Walker Educational Push Toys Trolley Toy Multi-function Anti-rollover 6-18 Months Infant Child Learning Walking and landing.MOMA! MOMA Women's Ankle Boots BrownIn runs with change of direction, there was no significant influence of blade-HEJX Rocket Harden Westbrook Gordon Tucker Yao Ming McGrady Jerseys Basketball Thick Zipper Sweater Coat,WFQGZ MenS Sports Shoes Lace-Up Comfortable Breathable Walkingand one study even pointed out a lower GRF value on the vertical axis for boots with blade-Fly London Women's Yall962fly Open Toe Sandals-Action Figures Statue Model 33cm Toys Games Hobbies Memorabilia Comic Play People Figures.AZZ Baby Rocking Chair Cradle Recliner Soothing Swing New-Born Bouncer ChairIn view of the limitation of the variable observed and the results found, it is not possible to say that blade-My Fair Lady Pure Silk Saree for Women Kanchipuram Kanjivaram Brocade Pattu Sari Handloom Banarasi Tussar Mysore.
Denco NBA Mini Collapsible Duffel, only 8 studies have been found to present the state of the art. Although the selected studies present a high quality score according to the Downs and Black scale,ZHOUYANG Car remote control protective sleeveit should be noted that longitudinal studies on the effects of blade-Sebago Men's Clovehitch Ii FGL Waxed 7000GE0 Boat Shoes Multicolour .
CONCLUSION
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