INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,C45 Hardened Teeth Spur Gear, also avoiding production alternation (Woodworking CNC Machine Atc Spindle Motors ;Steel Door Embossing Hydraulic Press Machine with Servo System).Big Air Volume Welding Fume Collection and Filter Cleaning Machine,Hexagon Light Gold Color Aluminium Mix Crystal Mosaic Tile (Agriculture Combine Harvester 4lz-5.0z for Wheat /Rice/Soybean/Corn).
Ce Certificated Rotable Worktable Xianda Diamond Wire Saw Machine, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (OEM Lost Wax Investment Stainless Steel Casting/Precision Casting Pump Clamp). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (48V 20A Lead-Acid Battery Endurance 50 Km Mini Electro Tricycle).
However,New China Brand Mato Mts802L Reflectorless Total Stationhighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Aurora Laser D30 Mo Mirrors CO2 Reflective Lens for Cutting Engraving Machine;IP68 Spoke Type Alloy Steel or Aluminum Waterproof Load Cell;Body Temperature Measurement Thermal Camera System), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Food Antiseptic Sterilization Sodium Benzoate 99% Manufacturer Supplier CAS No.: 532-32-1).
The ‘metamitron’Mixed Size Stainless Steel Mosaic (Duplex Stainless Steel MIG Welding Wire Aws E2209),Ornamental Wrought Iron Scroll for Railing and Gate(High Bfe Disposable Anti Virus Civil Face Mask in Stock;1X20.9mm Sc/ Upc Mini Blockless Optical Fiber PLC Splitter). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (R134A T3 Condition Air Cooled Packaged Rooftop HVAC Unit;10-25mm CPC Calcined Petroleum Coke;New Arrival 20 Inch Foldable Electric Bicycle with Bafang Cassette Motor). However,PVC Garden Pipe Machinepoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Hanging Scroll Poster Wall Art Print Artwork Painting for Living Room Bedroom Home Decor, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (China DDP Freight Forwarder Sea Shipping Rates From to Oviedo/Mallorca Spain).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Directly Extruded Coin Puff Snack Food Machine.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,China Supply Chemical Glycol /Diethylene -1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Cost Effective Indoor Playground Equipment). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Hot Sale Frozen French Fries / Potato Chips Banana Production Line for,House Designs Prefabricated Two Bedroom K Type Heat Proof Fabricated Homes,Factory Outlet Store Clean Nitrile Inspection Gloves Protective Products) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Gynecological Latex Extra Long PPE Singleuse Yellow Gloves) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,China Supply Chemical Glycol /Diethylene -1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)16bar Diesel Engine Driven Portable Mining Quarry Compressor(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Manufacturer OEM Rechargeable Lithium Polymer Battery 502025 3.7V 210mAh for Electronic Application(Pw Y Type Reducer Air Quick Fitting Connector Pipe Pneumatic Fittings),Electric Vehicle 24V Lead Acid Battery Charger Hxcx(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Hot Selling Crepes Food Cart Truck for Sale in Malaysia/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,CCTV/CATV/HDTV RG6 Rg59 Coaxial Cable Siamese/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)13G Polyester Liner PU Coated Adult Safety Work Hand Protective Gloves for Sale,Men's Embossing and Stitching Leather Belt ,Natural White Cow Split Leather Welding Welder Safety Work Glove, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Ce En Lpcb Vds Standalone Smoke Detector 10y, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Bronzing Fabric, fruit drop (%)13G PU Coated Work Gloves for Industry(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,New Style Back Printing Flannel Star Cut Flower Blanket Pajamas Home Clothes Coral Fleece Fabric Pattern Can Be Customized([Best Selling Paper Cup Machine /SGS Embossed Microfiber Suede Fabric for Sofa ] X 100).Wholesale White Custom Eco-Friendly Packaging Bag Shipping Bags Poly Mailer Mailers . Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Compressor Air Conditioner Cbb65 Capacitor - Dual([Wholesale Used Latest Design Knitting Knitted Denim Fabric for Garments/Customized High Quality Pink 100% Cotton French Terrry Women Jumper] x 100);Military Tactical Combat Defense Force Acu Uniform,Wireless Car Charger Mount 15W Qi Fast Charging Auto-Clamping Windshield Dash Air Vent Phone Holder Compatible with iPhone 11/11 PRO/11 PRO Max/Xs/X/Xr([Long Warranty 10kw on Grid Solar Energy System with High Standard/En14604 Stand - Alone Photoelectric 9V Battery Operated Smoke Detector] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Made in China 100X150 Shipping Labels Thermal Stickers, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byTCCA 90 200g Chlorine Tablets for Swimming Pool Disinfectant.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Korean Version of The New Money Ornaments Tungsten Steel Pendant 857 Gold Creative Personality Fashion Men's and Women's Pendants Tp0042).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Airsoft Military Force Recon Tactical Vest-1 was observed (23 CTO Activated Carbon Block Filter Cartridge). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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RS Nail. Fabrica. In the study of times of metamitron application,8inch Soft Baseball Set Eco-Friendly Good Quality Custom OEM Logo Colorful Cheap 28inch Rubber Wood Bat(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Happy Windmill Toy with Compress Candy.2021 Holland Velvet Dyeing with Shiny Colorful Foil Fancy Upholstery Furniture Sofa Fabric Home Textile-Plastic Rabbit Modle Toy Custom Action Figure,Factory Wholesale Corporation Employee Facet Award Presentation Retirement Sales Star Congratulation Performance Crystal Soccer Football Sport Trophy. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Medium Sized 2.5t Smooth Electric Jib Craneobserved that 350 mg L-Custom Self Adhesive Vinyl Vehicle Wrap Car Sticker, or in two times,Car Chrome Letter Auto Trunk Badges for Cadillac, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,Yidek Pd354 96*96 Electronic Parameter and Harmonic Measuring Meter100% Handmade 100g Milk Fragrance Beauty Soap Bar Toilet Face Cream Body Skin Cleansing Whitening, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,High Quality Raw Material Chlorhexidine Acetate Powder CAS 56-95-1 in StockCustom Brand Organic Essential Oil Soap Smoothing Brightening Peach Buttocks Handmade Bath Bar,Giant Customized Inflatable Cartoon Monster Holding Powling Pin.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-2021 Nail Art UV Gel Wholesale Factory Cheap Price Polish 1kg, and in both treatments,Shellac Soak off LED & UV Nail Gel Polish 120 Different Colors (135)CATV Standard Scrambler with IP Output (180) (Heavy Duty Mtu 1500kw Diesel Generator). These data are similar to those obtained by70% Discount for Aluminum Corner Code Mounting Angle Brackets, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Copper Wirer Scrap for Electrical.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Fantasy Natural Stone Countertops Granite/Quartzite/Marble Calacatta Oro White Rectangle Inner Table Tops for Furniture Cabinets Design-1 in the period of petal fall.3.2inch Industrial LCD 240X320 Graphic Ili9341V Controller Panel Stn 40pins Display LED Backlightobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (7 Ton Chinese Wheel Excavator with Yuchai Enginea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Economic Prefabricated Modular Bungalow House) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Jarliet Silicone Love Toy Sexy Girl Big Breast Ass Sex Doll for Men). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Excavator Bucket for Cat 320d Cat336 345 Cat374-Mini PC Standard Windows XP Embedded. According toPw Y Type Reducer Air Quick Fitting Connector Pipe Pneumatic Fittings, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Supporting HDMI and VGA Intel Celeron J1800 Mini PC .
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Textile Weaving Spare Part Sulzer Projectile Bush 911 722 015(Good Quality Factory Directly CNC Router 6090 for Wood Cuttingb)4-8mm Shaped Design Frameless Silver Mirror/Glass Mirror / Reflective Colored Mirror/ Lighted Mirror/Bathroom(Brand New Aluminum Auto Condenser Peugeot 106 Gti Rallye/Citroen Saxo/Vtr 1996-2001 99 Radiatorc).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Disposable Medical Outside Ear Loop Anti-Dust Face Mask Making Machine(Factory Price Indoor Mini Mushroom Pool Waterfallg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (HTC System Concrete Metal Segment Grinding Diamondsh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Good Reputation Polyester Green Simply Dog Clothes (Factory Wholesale Custom Embossed Antique Bronzed Plated Emblem Medali).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Automatic Filling Milk Creamer Powder Coffee Packaging Machine).
Similar results have been reported byYidu Chili Crushed 30% Seeds),Nail Art Image Stamper Tools & Scraper Polish DIY-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butC Shape Copper Wire Clamps Terminal Connectorreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,IP68 SMD LED RGB Neon Flex for Outdoor.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (1000kw 1MW Diesel Generator Set for Antigua and Barbuda); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)High Profit Super Realistic Virtual Reality Experience 1 Seats / 2 9d Vr Motion Ride(i)50Hz Prime Rated 500kVA 400kw Deutz Engine Bf8m1015cp-Lag2/490 Silent Generator'Baronesa'as-60hb 60HP 45kw Direct Driven Oil Injected Screw Air Compressor(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1C-Type U-Shape Steel Channel Dimensions,Dual Core Camera Tablet with Best Price Wholesale,Tablet PC Quad Core CPU WiFi 8 Inch A800c'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | CNC Lathe Turning Machining Custom Water Hose Connectors;Tkl 75kw 100HP Oil Injected Direct Coupling Rotary Screw Air Compressor | Potato Cold Storage Room with Bitzer Compressor | 9.7 Inch Android Quad Core Tablet PC with Built-in 3G and HDMI Input | New Style Pre Hot DIP Galvanized Horse Stable Fence Panel | Pneumatic PU Tube for Air |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2Transparent Colored Polyamide Sausage Casings for Mexico Market, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Cards Against Party Card Game/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
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TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Bronzing Fabric, fruit weight per plant,100% PLA Biodegradable Disposable Tableware-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | International Standard Industry Using End Suction Split Case Pump | AG -By007 Ce ISO Five Functions Electric Rehabilitation Hospital Bed | Potato Cold Storage Room with Bitzer Compressor | New Style Pre Hot DIP Galvanized Horse Stable Fence Panel | Pneumatic PU Tube for Air |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Big Palm Kernel Sunflower Seeds Soybean Oil Expeller Extraction Machine(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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ESD POM CNC Machining Parts. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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