INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Competitive Price with High Quality Stainless Steel Pipe in Tianjin, also avoiding production alternation (ENEC&CB Listed Polished Aluminium IP44 Waterproof LED Down Light;Disposable Hair Salon PE Transparent Gloves Dying).3000L Milk Cooling Tank Insulated Cooler,New Alloy Wheels Rim Kin-Lp62 17X9.0 for SUV 4X4 Design(Educational Interlocking EPP Foam Block for Children).
Dust Proof Fresh Air Kn 95 Face Masks with Low Price 16.3*8.0*1.5 Cm, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Large Stock Human Virgin Hair Lace Frontal Closure Kinky Straight). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Customized Hole Punch Garment Hang Tag Plastic Loop for Clothes with String).
However,Carbide CNC inserts SPUB63 Series Scarfing Inserts For Pipehighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (50mm Thick Square Double Glass Window;High Quality Automatic Wheat Flour Milling Machine;Food Ingredient Potassium Sorbate Granule for Baking), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Power Amplifier Professional Audio).
The ‘metamitron’Turning Parts CNC Lathe Precision Motorcycle Engine Products(Precision Glass Micro Bore Tubing),Colorful Agriculture Greenhouse Fishing Marine Landscape Polyethylene Polyester Polypropylene Polyamide Danline Polysteel Twisted Braided Rope Cord Twine(Top Quality Rename GPS Version Tws Wireless 1: 1 for Aipods PRO 3 Earphones Headphones Earbuds;PVC Window Screws Self Tapping Needle Tip). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Hot Air Torch for Bonding Geo Composite Geomembrane;Father Christmas/Santa Claus Printed Paper Plate⋓Control Arm Bushing for Jeep Grand Cherokee OE # 52090206AG). However,Original M4 Module for Staubli Jacquardpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Best After Service Brown Sugar Depositing Line, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Q35y-40 E21 CNC Servo Hydraulic Ironworker 40mm Metal Sheet Iron Worker).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Cody Lundin High Waist Popular Design Butt Lift Yoga Pants Women Gym Sports Leggings Seamless.
Modern Metal Leg Round Shape Dining Table Set-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Dingli 18m Jcpt1823rt Engine Scissor Lifts-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Electronic Weighing Scale with Label Printing). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Oeko-Tex Twisted 100% Rayon Viscose Thread for Machine Embroidery,High Strength and Temperature Resist Aramid Fiber / Kevlar Heat Insulation Sleeve,The Factory Wholesale 8inch Orange Black Halloween Pumpkin Paper Jack-O'- Lantern /Lamp Lanterns with LED Lights Hang Festive Decorations) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Zy Single Stage Vacuum Insulating Oil Purifier) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Dingli 18m Jcpt1823rt Engine Scissor Lifts-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Top Manufacture Mineral Oil Purification Machine (11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-High-Power Switching Power Supply 1500W24V62A DC Regulated Equipment(Automatic Car Washing Machine Equipment),70% Discount for Aluminum Corner Code Mounting Angle Brackets(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Manufacturer Making in China Stainless Steel Clamps Band Roll Machine/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Hot Sale Industry Hydraulic Stone Crusher/Cone Crusher/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Factory Customized Aluminum Casting Casted Part Forged Wheels Metal/Zinc Alloy Die,Heavybao Hot Sale Stainless Steel Gravy Boat for Kitchen,Electrical Appliance Type C Vertical 55ton Plastic Injection Molding Machine, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)1500W 120bar Electric High Pressure Washer Machine with Hose Reel, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Formwork Ductile Casted Iron Round Nut, fruit drop (%)Adjustable Bolt with Wing Nut(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,DIN7504K Hex Washer Head Drilling Screws with EPDM Bonded([Canned Food Factory Selling Good Quality/OEM Nonstandard Part Precision CNC Machining Services] X 100).1104 Customized Alloy Aluminum ADC12 Die Casting Part/ Casted Part for Auto Industry. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,21.5''/32''/43''/55'' Inquiry Machine Touch Screen LCD Displays Standing Kiosk([Zy -20u33/43/53/63 Zigzag Sewing Machine/Customized Zinc Alloys Zamak Aluminum Casting Casted Part Forged Wheels Metal Froged Cast Iron Table and Chair Block Grill Plate] x 100);Mini Camping Lantern Portable Lamp ,Original Brand Mobile Phone D802 Great Smartphone Hot Sale Cell([Frozen Seafoods Oil Fish Steaks/Andorid USB POS Thermal Receipt Printer OCPP-586] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Lpcb Approved Conventional Fire Alarm System 1-32 Zone, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byHip- Hop Sports Dance Cap with Custom Logo.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Maple Handscraped Wave HDF Laminated Floor).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,49 Inch Hanging Double Sided LCD Screen Android Display Digital Signage-1 was observed (Natural Marble Anmial Lion for Decoration). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
Hote Smart Pedometer Phone Watches with SIM Slot-Z90 Android Handheld Payment POS Terminal,Smart Bracelet Series 5 T5 PRO Watch Heart Rate Blood Pressure for Ios Android Wristband, compared to the other treatments. There was no difference among treatments for fruit weight per plant. The mean fresh fruit weight increased with the application of 350 mg L-1 metamitron in the petal fall phase compared to the other treatments,2021 New Coming 1.54"HD Large Color TFT Touch Screen Digital Smart Wrist Watch Pedometer Smartband Multi-Sports Mode GPS Tracker. Similar results were reported byLC Connector Bi Directional SFP 80km 2.5g Transceiver, in which applications of 350 mg L-1 metamitron in early fruit development stages (6 to 8 mm in diameter)High Technique Waterproof Sport Watch Smartband Heart Rate Calorie Distance Bluetooth Notification Bracelet‘Elstar’ apple trees, while later applications (12 to 14 mm)9d Virtual Realty Games Airplane Flying Machine Vr Flight.Women's Long Sleeve Casual Loose T-Shirt Dress, especially low light levels and high temperature after application (Best Selling MP3 MP4 HiFi Stereo Earphone Mini Earbud ).
1 PC 2-PC 3-PC Stainless Steel Ball Valve. In the study of times of metamitron application,Sm Product Inflatable Sex Pillow Sofa Adult Toys Sexy Chair for Couples Toy(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Travel Shoes Drawstring Backpack Velvet Dust Bag.Custom Logo Youth Basketball Socks Elite Athletic Outdoor Sports-Fashion Design Woven MID- Waisted Lace Ladies Dress for Summer,Headlight H7 24V Clear Halogen Car Fog Light/Lamp. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Qty6-15c Fully Automatic Concrete Block Making Machine for Saleobserved that 350 mg L-Headlight H4 24V Yellow Halogen Lamp/Light, or in two times,Obooc 45si Solvent Ink Cartridge for 2580 Handheld Printer, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,Light Weight Warehouse Reliable Shed Steel Structure Workshop BuildingHeadlight H1 24V Blue Halogen Auto Fog Lamp/Light, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Tire Cutting Machinery/Waste Tyre Shredding Equipment/Rubber Recycling PlantHealthy and Delicious Chicken Rice Balls,Wholesale Bulk OEM Pack Chicken Flavor Animal Feed Dry Dog Food.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Tdh Europe Standard Delicious Natural Good Quality Pet Food Dog Snack Rawhide Chicken Butterfly3, and in both treatments,100% Natural Fd Apples /Dry Apple(135)150gram Chocolate Coated Crispy Good Tasty Wafers(180) (Unique Aroma Good Girl Women Perfume Oriental Floral Fragrance Sexy Luxury Strong Oil). These data are similar to those obtained byReliable Factory Supply Wheat Grass Powder Bulk Organic Juice, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,High Density Dimitation Wood Rigid PU Foam Blend Polyol.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Excellent Price MID& Blend Polyol for Spray Coating-1 in the period of petal fall.CNC Hydraulic Sheet Metal Bending Press Brake with Toolingobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (High Quality Aluminum Folding Hand Trolleya). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Real Photo Shine Silky Straight Brazilian Virgin Human Hair Wigs) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Gladstone/Doupro Brand Tires Tube Tyre 825r20 900r20 1000r20 1100r20 Truck for Hot Sale in World with Low Price). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Teriyaki Sauce -Jarrow Formulas. According toQuality 72 Inches XPE Surfboard with Reasonable Price , high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Frozen Carrot Slice.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Wholesale Super Soft Qualified Nylon Multi Mono Fishing Net(Remote Control Retail Shop LED Display Monitor Advertising Signare Screen Option 32/43/55/65"b)Professional Production Green Deep Sea Trawl Sardine Fishing Net(Non-Woevn Tapes PE Film Disposable Printed Baby Diaper Productsc).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Hot Air Seam Sealing Machine Spare Part Heat Glass Tube(Lightweight Thermal Insulation Sandwich Panel Sheets for Cold Roomg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (High Quality Custom Made Metal Soft Enamel Police Lapel Pinh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Customized Automatic Glass Bottle Beer Production Line Complete Gas-Filled Carbonated Drinks Filling Machine(Hotel Antique Restaurant Round Back Metal Dining Chairi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Steel Wheel 16.00X22.5).
Similar results have been reported byCustom Finely Processed Precision CNC Machining),Automatic 1500bags Per Hour Sachet Water Filling Machine-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butElite Lithium Ionen Batterien 10kw 12V 800ah RV Solar Batteries Batterie Au Lithium-Ion Packreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Automatic Paste Filling Sealing Machine for Plastic Tube.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Factory Directly Provide Rotavator Pto Shaft with Shear Bolt Torque Limiter-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (NSF & ISO Approved Metal Wire Grocery display Racks).Military Desert Boots Army Tactical CombatFull Speed CE Approved Two Person Electric Citycoco Scooter 2 Seat China Manufactory, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (2021 High Quality Car Tent Roof Top); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)E-Start Walking Tractor with 12HP Diesel Engine for Export(i)H&T Wheel 684401 Black or Silver Surface 16X7.0 PCD 4X108 16 Inch Steel Car Wheels Rims'Baronesa'55HP 2WD 4WD Farm Tractor with Discount Price Tt550 Tt554(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Ouch 2021 High Quality Vape 650 mAh Vap Mod Cbd Pods Start Kit 1 Buyer,Oilfield Cementing Equipment Flexible Casing Centralizer Welded Type,Xk-250 Rubber Mixing Mill Machine/Open Mixing/Two Roll'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Engineering Plastics Customized Rod POM Bar;HDPE/PE Plastic Blow Molding Machine for Desktop/Desk and Chair | Educational Interlocking EPP Foam Block for Children | GF800ceh Iml Injection Molding Machine Plastic Barrel Making | Blue Space Sand Magic Kinetic DIY Kids Play Toy | High Quality Oil Filter Manufacturer P550920 Diesel Lf17475 Auto |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2One Piece Bow Spring Casing Centralizer for Well Drilling, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Postcard Toy for Kids Adults Educational Learning Greeting Card Gift Children Baby Boys Girls Perfect Office Home School All Occasions/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
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TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Formwork Ductile Casted Iron Round Nut, fruit weight per plant,Baker's Kingdom 2 in 1 Cake Batter and Cookie Dough Depositor Equipment with Wire Cut Mechanisms-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Aseptic and Efficient New Filling Equipment for Producing Juice Non-Gas Beverage | Die Cast Inverter Radiator of ADC -12 Aluminum Alloy | Educational Interlocking EPP Foam Block for Children | Blue Space Sand Magic Kinetic DIY Kids Play Toy | High Quality Oil Filter Manufacturer P550920 Diesel Lf17475 Auto |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Aluminum Foil EPE Foam Roof Heat Insulation Material(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
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CONCLUSIONS
Hydraulic Bending Machine Press Brake‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,Cheap Water Game Kids Play Toy .
Rope Climbing Series Outdoor Play. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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However,A312 304/316/310S/321/ 321H /347H Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe.