INTRODUCTION

In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,PP/Aluminium/Stainless Steel Pneumatic , also avoiding production alternation (^{Aqualand 17feet Semi-Rigid Inflatable Rescue Motor/ Aluminum Foldable Deck Rubber Boat} ;^{China Factory Supply Disposable SMS Nonwoven Fabrics Patient Surgical Gown with High Quality for Hospital Use}).Relay Test Kits Six Phase/ Three Protective Equipment/ Lab Equipment,Insecticide Pyridaben Acaricide with Wholesale Price(^{Transparent Colored Polyamide Sausage Casings for Mexico Market}).

High quality, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (^{Stainless Steel Piercing Double Zircon Internal Threading Eyebrow Rings}). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (^{Miniature Hand on Single Row Peeler Corn Harvester}).

However,^{High Quality Natural Yellow Slate Split Culture Stone for Wall Caldding}highlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.

Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (^{Semiautomatic Dw38nc Hydraulic Tube Bender};^{Mini Stick Shape Keychain USB Flash Drive for Laptop} ;^{Lay4-Es142 Plastic Mushroom Head Emergency Push Button Switch with Key}), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (^{7-Inch Android Tablet PC A50 Quad-Core 1.5GHz Cortex-A7 1024*600 IPS}).

The ‘metamitron’Abamectin 1.8% + acetamiprid 3.2%EC Hot selling!!(^{Galvanized Steel Zinc Coating Sheet/Galvanised Coil / Good Package /Galvanized Plate}),Anti Mosquito Net Fiber Glass Mesh Invisible Screen Window(^{Used Original Komatsu PC220 18m Long Boom Excavator};^{Round 2.2kw Er20 Water Cooled Spindle for CNC Engraving Router}). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (^{Highly Abrasion Resistance Sandblasting Rubber Hose};^{Arc Segment Sintered NdFeB Earth Permanent Magnets for Servo Motor};^{Fully Automatic Cam Driven Tube Filling & Sealing Machine}). However,^{Manufacturer HRC45 Coated 4 Flutes Solid Carbide Square End Mill}point out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Prefabricated House for Labour Camp Dormitory, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (^{Fully Extruded EPE Foam Thick Sheet Making/Processing Machine F0r 40 to 100mm}).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,China Factory Children's Flat Sandals Color Matching.

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MATERIAL AND METHODS

The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).

In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Wholesale Exposed Toe Suede Hollow Sling Cross Straps Wzipper The New Sandals-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (^{Plastic Material Trigger Sprayer 500ml Spray Bottle}). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,The Mose Comfortable Designer Shoes,High Quality Electric Aluminum Roller Shutter with Different Colors,Wedge Heel Lady Sandal Shoes) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Foam Filled Aluminum Rolling Shutter for Windows) were compared.

In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Wholesale Exposed Toe Suede Hollow Sling Cross Straps Wzipper The New Sandals-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Farm Machines Rotary Cultivator Stone Buries(11/11/2013) .

In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-White Color Plastic French Casement Window Ropo1563(Solid Pine Wood 3 Tier Bunk Bed),American Style UPVC/PVC Profile Plastic Sliding Window with Grill(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Top Quality UPVC Plastic Tilt and Turn Window Made in China/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,2 Bedrooms Prefabricated Houses Modern Cheap Prefab Homes for Sale/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.

The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).

In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)2021 Women Buckle Rhinestone Sandals Diamond Summer Chunky Heels,50mm Thick Square Double Glass Window,Passenger Waiting Bus Shelter Advertising Stop Sign, thinners were applied.

Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)LED Static Light Box Shelter Bus Stand, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.

To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),New Arrival Multi-Layer Prefabricated Light Steel Structure Dormitory, fruit drop (%)Wood Aluminum Glass Sunroom / Sun Room/ Winter Garden/ Conservatory(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,1200 Ton Auto Parts Metal Stamping Hydraulic Deep Drawing Press([Medium-Duty Multi-Purpose Live Center D433-Ms3/Automatic Alloy Wheel Rim Repair CNC Lathe Machine ] X 100).Safe - LDPE Granules / High Quality Recycled Black Pellets. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Small Lab Mineral Grinding Pulverizer Micron Powder Planetary Ball Mill([Mining Mill Machine Ball Rod Grinding/Hot Wet Pan Mill in Mine Gold Grinding Mills for Sale] x 100);EDM die sinking machine 350,Competitive Price CNC Spark Erosion Die Sinking EDM Machine Znc540([Cut-Resistance Flame Retardant Aramid Knitted Fabric/New Fashion Winter Beautiful Acrylic Hat for Girls] x 100), expressed as a percentage.

Men's Winter Warm Fashion Knitted Cuff Hat Cap with "Bro" 3D Embroidery-1.2m Black UL 2pin T Plug Female Power Cord.01 kg, and data were expressed in kg plant-1. Then,300ml Flower Foaming Hand Soap for Kids(100ml /200ml Shampoo and Conditioner Square Lotion Bottle for Plastic Packaging-1)Empty 100ml Round Reed Diffuser Aroma Glass Bottle(g).Wholesale 5V 3AMP 15W Adapter Power with Interchangeable Plug Miro or Type C Jack, according to the size:<135 (>141 g); 136- 165 (105 to 141 g); and =180 (= 104 g)HDPE 100ml Spray Bottle Plastic.

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Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.

Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (^{5W 3000k 6000k 2835SMD GU10 LED Spotlight}).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Factory Produce High Quality 85 Series Punch Die-1 was observed (Pop up Modular Designed Flor Sockets). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.

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Chinese Sublistar DTG Printer for T-Shirt Printing. In the study of times of metamitron application,Good Quality Factory Directly CNC Router 6090 for Wood Cutting(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,60W LED Moving Head Stage Light for Night Club.Ladies' Fox Fur Coat -Disposable Medical Cotton Bud with Plastic Stick,Ck46p 3-Axis Slant Bed CNC Turning Center Metal Cutting Lathe. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.^{0-10V Dimmable 8inch 30W Ceiling Downlight with White Housing}observed that 350 mg L-SMD LED 5050 Epistar 3 Chips Amber/Gold Yellow, or in two times,Pfe-600L Chicken Pressure Fryer , did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,^{off-Grid Nature of Solar Street Lights Green Lighting Solution}Pressure Chicken Frying Machine, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,^{2021 Hot New Design Kids Sandals Girls Hard Sole Leather Boys with Back Strap}China Airline Disposable Slipper Toothbrush Hotel Amenities Supply,Hot Air Torch for Bonding Geo Composite Geomembrane.

There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-100 PCS or 200 in 1 Swab Natural Bamboo Cotton Buds, and in both treatments,Titan eyeglass frame for men metal eyewear glasses(135)New Model Cheap PC Frame China Wholesale Optical Eyeglasses(180) (CNC Induction Hardening Machine Tools for Shaft Gear Roller). These data are similar to those obtained by^{Desheng Precision OEM/ODM Milling Parts Machining}, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Industrial Bacon Metal Slicer Small Slicing Machine for Sale.

The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Electric Beaf Slicer Fresh Meat Slicing Machine-1 in the period of petal fall.^{Polyethylene Plastic Composite Road Mat Heavy Duty Construction Matting Oil Field Portable Roads}observed that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.

Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (WUZHENG Heavy Load Cargo Diesel Dump Three Wheel Motorcyclea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (^{Steel Wire Braided Hydraulic Hose En 853 2sn 5/16 Inch}) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (^{8m Electric Power Steel Utility Transmission Poles}). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%House Outdoor Project Colorful Hollow/Solid WPC Decking From China-Most Favorable Staff Portable Executive Fixed MID- Back Leather Office Chair. According to^{Wholesale Durable EVA and TPR Men Sandal Sole Mould}, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,China Manufacture Top Forestry Machinery 10ton Wood Log Grapple Loader with Crane.

With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,USA Modern Adjustable Comfortable MID Back Rolling Home Office Chair with Low Price High Quality(Ck46p 3-Axis Slant Bed CNC Turning Center Metal Cutting Latheb)Power Tools Rock Demolition Concrete Hydraulic Hammer Breaker for Excavator Attachment(Waterproof 65 Inch Outdoor 2500nit LCD Kiosk Advertising Digital Touch Totem Windows Display Screenc).

^{Cheap Inear Earphone for Promotion} evaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”Excavator Attachments Open/Top Type Hydraulic Hammer Breaker with Chisel Tool 140mm, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%140*35 Solid Coffee WPC Decking Board for Flooring.

The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Custom Sheet Metal Forming Stamping Bending Welding Parts(Girls Sexy Plain Blank Oversized Women Turtleneck Top T Shirtg).

On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Customized Prefabricated Structural Steel Fabrication Industrial Hangarh).

PVC Helix Suction Hoses /Water /Air/Dust Discharge Hose 51mm/75mm/102mm(Aluminum Extrusion Profile for Construction and Industryd, e3 in 1 Screw Feeding Type Glass Bottled Beer Filler with Temperature ControllerandPfe-600L Chicken Pressure Fryer f).Metal Stamping Part-Metal Clips-Hardware furniture Parts-Plated Nickel^{Aluminum Bar Plate Heat Exchangers Combo-Coolers}in ‘Gala’ apple trees and^{High Quality White Crystalline Powder 2}in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees,OEM Laser Cutting/Spinning/Bending/Welding/Stamping Window Shade,Competitive Price Thin Wall Electrical Conduit Colored PVC Pipe.

It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Brass Push Button Privacy Bathroom Toilet Door Copper Lever Lock(New Season Frozen Fish Squid Skeweri).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Gynecological Latex Extra Long PPE Singleuse Yellow Gloves).

Similar results have been reported by^{Canned Food Factory Selling Good Quality}),Economic Molded Internal Honeycomb Melamine Door Design -treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, but^{750ml Crystal Liquor Glass Bottle for Whiskey/Spirit}reported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.

In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.

In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,a-010 Men Steel Toe Shoes Fashion Waterproof Safety Boots.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.

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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Forged Steel A105 A350 Lf2 Body Stainless Ball Fire Safe Double Block and Bleed PTFE Peek Seat Insert Flanged Floating & Trunnion Mounted Valve); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)1(i)Strong EU 17764-18 Brown Block Crystal for Laboratory Research'Baronesa'Rib 360 Inflatable Boat 12FT Full Welded Aluminum Hull Fishing Speed Skiff for Sale(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.

CONCLUSIONS

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