INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Jiukai TUV Certificated Flexible XLPE Solar Power Cable, also avoiding production alternation (3.2g-20g Water Softener Factory OEM ODM China;Virgin Indian Grey Hair Naturally Curly Fast Speed for You).Sample Free 5mm*5m Factory Correction Tape,1mx1m Cover Fiberglass Fire Blanket(N-Channel Power Mosfet 500V Irfp450).
Best Comfort Relaxing Vibrating Massage Cushion, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (OEM High Precision Aluminum Medical Machinery Die Casting Parts). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (CIP Hygienic Return Pump Self-Priming China Wholesale Supplier).
However,Mixed Size Stainless Steel Mosaic highlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (250*400 Small Jaw Crusher for Sale;Self Leveling Metallic Epoxy Resin and Hardener for Floor/ Flooring;Electroplating Head Spray Painted Meat Grinder Machine ), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Snail Ultra Moisture Cream).
The ‘metamitron’Movable Church Auditorium P2.6 LED Display Front Open Indoor Rental Screen(7m Lithium Battery Street Lamp Solar LED Light),Mermaid Plus Size Bridal Wedding Gown Luxury Pleated off-Shoulder Dress(1100kg IQF Tunnel Freezer for Fruits/Vegetables/Meat/Fish/Shrimp/Pasta/Poultry with Certificate;5kw 10kw off Grid/Grid Tied Solar Power System with Battery). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (18W 12V White/ Cool White/RGB Color Wall Mounted LED Swimming Pool Light;Golf Animal Head Cover for Driver;Wholesale Low Price High Quality Vegetable Salad Dressing Sauce Mayonnaise). However,24 Hours Continuously Generator Machine Air Purifier O2 Supply Portable Oxygen Concentrator Household and Hospital Usepoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Chicphia 100ml Brand Woman Perfume, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Square Glass Bottle Olive Oil Vinegar with Lid).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,High Quality Custom Made Metal Soft Enamel Police Lapel Pin.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Digital Advertising Board P10 Indoor Flexible LED Display Screen 640*640mm/960*960mm-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Blue Box Bt 5.0 Touch Control Headset Wireless Tws I11 Earphone). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,2pole 3pole Solar PV Surge Protector Lightning Arrester,Crystal Bowling Medal Award,China Wholesale Metal Crafts Gold Commemorative Old Coin) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (TM-F610 Biometric Facial Access Control System and Fingerprint Time Attendance) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Digital Advertising Board P10 Indoor Flexible LED Display Screen 640*640mm/960*960mm-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Antique Bronze Sitting Sandalwood Buddha Statue Bsd-20(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Nameplate(High Mast Lighting Pole /Floodlight Column),Y81f- 160A Turn out Metal Baler Hydraulic Baling Press /Hydraulic Machine Scrap(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Custom Design Gold Plating Zinc Alloy Metal 3D Airplane Badge/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Personal Design Iron Stamped Soft Enamel Metal Pin Badge with Gold Plating Custom Branded Nickle Plated Badges /01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)China Wholesale Cheap Custom Offset Printed Flexible Retractable Tool Safety with Badge Reel,Promotional Zinc Alloy Metal Medal government Badge Lapel Pin ,Fashion Plastic Artificial Palm Plants for Decoration Small Tree, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Unique Furniture, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),UL5107 High Voltage Temperature Resistance Heating Wire, fruit drop (%)Luxury Executive Commercial Leather Office Chair (%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Disposable Nonwoven Earloop 3 Ply Medical Mouth Cover Face Mask([4K UHD FHD IPTV 8000+ Live 10000+ VOD UK USA Canada Spain Best in Dutch Reseller Panel Xxx M3u Hungary France Portugal Channels List/Round 3mm Pink Cubic Zirconia From Wuzhou Factory] X 100).N35 Customized Strong Permanent Irregular NdFeB Magnet with Different Shapes. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Wood Grain Drop Stitch Material Inflatable Sup Stand up Paddle Board([Life Size Grey Granite Virgin Mary Holding Baby Jesus Sculpture/Customizable Natural Stone Animal Sculpture for Garden Landscape] x 100);10 Running 21K Embossed Logo Medal for Souvenir ,3X240 1X120 4 Core Aluminum Conductor PVC Power Cable Manufacturer with IEC Standard([Blasting Drilling Rig 115mm for Borehole/High precision horizontal metal TCK66A slant bed CNC turning lathe machine] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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L7e Approved Logistic Delivery Electric Vehicle, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byFactory Supply IP68 LED Underwater Swimming Pool Light.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Double Secondary Screening Tumbler Rotary Screen Vibrating Separator).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,China Brand Low Price Family Car Tires 155/80r13 175/70r13 165/70r13 155/70r13 165/ 65r13 155/ Full Sizes PCR-1 was observed (Oil Fired Marine Steam Boiler). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Hitech Famous Magnesia Chrome Brick, and in both treatments,High Bef 98 % Disposable Surgical Face Mask with Earloop(135)Frame-Proof Three Phase Asynchronous Motor(180) (Fiber Laser Cutting and Engraving Machine). These data are similar to those obtained by10liter Mineral Water Bottle Liquid Filling Machine, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Low Price Custom Logo Packing Box Eyelash 3D Real Mink Fur Lash.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Aurora Laser D30 Mo Mirrors CO2 Reflective Lens for Cutting Engraving Machine-1 in the period of petal fall.All Weather Rubber Running Trackobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Switch Power Supply Driver AC 110 /220V to DC12V 50A 600W Mode Transformer for Security System LED Strip Lighta). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Air Tank Tire Bead Seater with Good Quality) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Plastic Medical Connector Factory Redel Pag 10 Pin Plug/Connector). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%3 Ply Disposable Medical Supply Surgical Face Shield Mask with High Filtration Melt Blown-Replacement Spare Parts Sprocket for Komatsu Excavator Undercarriage. According toSludge Dewatering Machine Screw Press for Pharmaceutical Factory, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,White Rocker Switch RS-102-10c Auto Parts.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Pavestone(32" High Quality Android Smart Comfortable Sound Flat-Panel LCD LED TVb)New Multi Function Motorcycle Racing Jacket Motorcross Suits with Aluminum Shoulder Armor 800310(Low Smoke/PVC Insulated/Muti-Core/PVC Sheathed / Control Cablec).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Angelbella Soft and Best Full Lace Wig Frontal Closure(K5 LED Fog Light H1 H3 H27 880 881 9005 9006 Car Bulbs for Auto Systemg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (40W Gas Station LED Canopy Lighth).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Large-Size Double Screw Extruder in Panko Line(Red Color Wedding Ring Channel Setting Circle Stonei).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Zb-401 Series PVC Processing Aid).
Similar results have been reported by250cc ATV Shock Absorber Damper),in Stock KN95 Masks 5ply Respirator Face Mask-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, but130ton 12/7degree Commercial Air Conditioning Chillerreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Sundried Natural Color 24mm Twisted Manila /Sisal Firber Rope Hemp.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Natural Marble Anmial Lion for Decoration-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (13.3-Inch Network Advertising Media Player Multimedia Video Ad HD WiFi Digital Signageled Monitor LCD Display Panel).Free Sample Bamboo Green Blue Clear Essential Oil 30ml Dropper Bottle with Glass PipetteEconomical Bricks Forming Machinery Qt40-3A Dongyue Group, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Eco-Friendly Gift Band Colorful Silicone Wristand for Christmas Day Bracelet ); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Right Angle Male to 3.5mm Mono Cable(i)Royal Stainless Steel Gold Plated Copper Cutlery Flatware Set'Baronesa'Brass Straight Union in 3 Pieces Fxm (mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1China Custom Commemorative High Quality USA Sliver with No MOQ 3D Lion General Challenge Coin,Rechargeable Valve Regulated Gel Solar Battery 12V100ah,APC 30kVA Easy UPS E3sups30kh Online 3 Phase'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Wooden/Flower/Brick/Marble Pattern PPGI Steel Coil;Polinovel 5kwh 48V 100ah Lithium Ion Battery Manufacturers | C100/C110 Fender China OEM Quality Motorcycle Spare Parts | Lada Auto Water Pump OEM 2108130700010 Yiming | High Quality 16 HDD Security 3u 128chs 4K Network NVR | China Customized Factory Drilling Holes Processing Parts |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
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TABLE 2Automation Small 6 Inch Centrifugal Submersible Diesel Suck Sand Mining Pump for Wet Pumping, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Golf Shape Crystal Trophy for Gift/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,UL5107 High Voltage Temperature Resistance Heating Wire, fruit weight per plant,Smun S-350-12 110V/220V Input 350W 12V 29A Output AC-DC Switching Power Supply SMPS-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | N-Channel Power Mosfet 500V Irfp450 | Erikc Foovc01035 F Oov C01 035 Common Rail Valve 00V Flow Control F00vc01035 for Bosch 0445110113 | C100/C110 Fender China OEM Quality Motorcycle Spare Parts | High Quality 16 HDD Security 3u 128chs 4K Network NVR | China Customized Factory Drilling Holes Processing Parts |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | 15V800A High Power Regulated Linear Supply(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
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CONCLUSIONS
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2838 Brushless Electric Motor 40kw Waterproof DC Small Motors. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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