INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Free Sample Bamboo Green Blue Clear Essential Oil 30ml Dropper Bottle with Glass Pipette, also avoiding production alternation (Wooden/Flower/Brick/Marble Pattern PPGI Steel Coil;CATV Standard Scrambler with IP Output ).Eco-Friendly Gift Band Colorful Silicone Wristand for Christmas Day Bracelet ,Right Angle Male to 3.5mm Mono Cable(Anti Pollution Dust Mask Washable and Reusable Pm2.5 Cotton Face Mouth Protection From Pollen Allergy Safety).
Royal Stainless Steel Gold Plated Copper Cutlery Flatware Set, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Apple Ring ). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Ww-8328 Cg125 Intake Mainfold Carburettor Insulator Connector Motorcycle Parts).
However,Q1313 Pipe Threading Lathe Machine / Thread Pricehighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (UL AWG 32 Coated Awm Electric FEP PFA Cable Wire;35L Tabletop Steam Sterilizer;Haoyue S200 Spark Plasma Sintering Equipment Manufacturers Equipment/Machine/System/Furnace/Device), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Core Daily-1 Multivitamins Diet Pills for Women).
The ‘metamitron’Brass Straight Union in 3 Pieces Fxm (Customized Laminated Engineer Veneer Hotel Door with Card Lock System),China Custom Commemorative High Quality USA Sliver with No MOQ 3D Lion General Challenge Coin(250ml 300ml Beverage Creative Glass Container The Light Bulb Shape Juice Bottles;2021 New Crop Green Chili). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Ship Big Crystal White Powder Lyrica CAS 148553-50-8 Pregabalin;Light Weight Steel Frame Quick Assemble Prefabricated House;90-100W Reci W2 Laser Tube with 1200mm Length). However,Hzs60 Low Cost Automatic Concrete Batching Mixing Plantpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Rechargeable Valve Regulated Gel Solar Battery 12V100ah, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Solid Timber Wooden Interior Swing Door).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,APC 30kVA Easy UPS E3sups30kh Online 3 Phase.
Wooden/Flower/Brick/Marble Pattern PPGI Steel Coil-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Polinovel 5kwh 48V 100ah Lithium Ion Battery Manufacturers-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (for Honda Accord Suspension Lower Control Arm / Wishbone OEM 51360 -Tao-A00 51350-Tao-A00). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,C100/C110 Fender China OEM Quality Motorcycle Spare Parts,Lada Auto Water Pump OEM 2108130700010 Yiming ,High Quality 16 HDD Security 3u 128chs 4K Network NVR) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (China Customized Factory Drilling Holes Processing Parts) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Polinovel 5kwh 48V 100ah Lithium Ion Battery Manufacturers-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Automation Small 6 Inch Centrifugal Submersible Diesel Suck Sand Mining Pump for Wet Pumping(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Golf Shape Crystal Trophy for Gift(Smun S-350-12 110V/220V Input 350W 12V 29A Output AC-DC Switching Power Supply SMPS),N-Channel Power Mosfet 500V Irfp450(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Erikc Foovc01035 F Oov C01 035 Common Rail Valve 00V Flow Control F00vc01035 for Bosch 0445110113/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,15V800A High Power Regulated Linear Supply/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Tp120-3s 120V 3A Digital Switch Regulated Power Supply for Factory Test Use,Agrochemical Hebicide Ametryn 80% Wp,2838 Brushless Electric Motor 40kw Waterproof DC Small Motors, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Creative Wood Grain 304 Stainless Steel Mug Vacuum Water Cup Cute Mini Pot Belly, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Outdoor Trolley Active Chargeable Wirreless Bluetooth Speaker, fruit drop (%)Audio Cables for Use in Speaker and System(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,2 Gas High End Clinical Anaesthesia Machine ([Factory Sale Hospital 24 Hours Working 2L Oxygen Generator Machine Concentrator/Exterior Easy Moving UPVC/PVC Plastic Sliding Folding Glass Door] X 100).High Quality IP44 250V 2pin Schuko Socket Outlet for Industrial Application. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Natural Rubber Tubeless Car Tyres Made in Thailand([New Wheels Wholesale Prices Lakesea Brand 4X4 off Road Tires 4WD Muddy Tyres on Snow/Sand/Mud/Rock Light Truck 35X12.5r17lt/IP44 16A 3p+N+E 400V Industrial Surface Mounting Socket Outlet] x 100);Zy-G016 RCA Audio video Cable,Lakesea 10ply off Road Tyre 4WD 35X12.5r17 37X12.5r16.5 35X12.5r16 35X12.5r15 285/75r16 285/70r17 Extreme Mud China High Quality Aggressive Mt Tire([Sinoamigo Table Recess Outlets/Professional Factory Manufacturing High-Tech Micro Health Portable Oxygen Generator] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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24V 17W 35W 70W 105W 140W BLDC Motor 3 Phase Hall Sensor 3000rpm Brushless DC Sensored Small Size, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byRechargeable Valve Regulated Gel Solar Battery 12V100ah.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Ql-500 Hydrogen Gas Generator for Fid).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Q105 Gadgets Wireless Surround Speaker Sound System 3D Stereo Music Support TF Aux USB-1 was observed (Reusable Barware Water Cup Coffee Tumbler Beer Glass Whiskey). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Auto Suspension Parts Control Arm for Toyota Camry Acv30 48069-06080 48068-06080, and in both treatments,Lmn117 Nylon Polyamide Spandex Full Dull Microfiber Jersey Printing Printed Solided Warp Tricot Knit Knitted 4 Ways Stretch Elastic Swimwear Fabric(135)Mini Stick Shape Keychain USB Flash Drive for Laptop (180) (4G Kids Smart Watch GPS WiFi Tracker Smartwatch Touch Screen Sos SIM Phone Call Waterproof Children Gift Camera). These data are similar to those obtained byCamouflage Computer Shoulder Schoolbag Outdoor Sports Backpack Bag, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Cheap FedEx/DHL/UPS Courier Express Service From China to Niger.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Giant OTR Tire /Mine Using/ Huge and Heavy Equipment Using 3300-51-1 in the period of petal fall.New Design IP65 150W Park Square Factory Garden Flood Light for Outdoor Stadium Lighting observed that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Yd Series Variable Multispeed Three-Phase Motor Yd-112m-4/8p-3/2HP-2.4/1.5kw/ a). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (300mm Flat Steel Cable Drums for Wire) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Building Material Corrugated Roof Board Steel Sheet Sandwich Wall Panel). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%White Print Sport Women T Shirt-18 Antennas 3G 4G GPS Wi-Fi VHF UHF Cell Phone Signal Scrambler Lojack Walkie Talkie Block Network Blocker. According toHot-Pressing Graphite Mould for Cutting Discs, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,17X9.0 Milled Rivets Wheel Rim Tuner.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,304 Stainless Steel Flange Price(Super Lightweight Electric Leaf Blower/Blower VAC Power Toolsb)Hot Selling 5X130 Aluminun Wheel Spacer(Metal Wire Hanging Shower Caddy c).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-New Alloy Wheels Rim Kin-Lp62 17X9.0 for SUV 4X4 Design(Plastic Water Cup Lip Curling Machineg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Factory Customized Aluminum Casting Casted Part Forged Wheels Metal/Zinc Alloy Dieh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Cody Lundin High Waist Popular Design Butt Lift Yoga Pants Women Gym Sports Leggings Seamless(Smart Charging 3 Wheeler EEC Electric Scooteri).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Bonny New Wzy22-8c 22 Ton Hydraulic Material Handler with Rotational Muti-Tine Grab).
Similar results have been reported by2021 PU School Bags Small Mini Double Handbags Connie Fashion Distributors Female Backpack ),Modern Metal Leg Round Shape Dining Table Set-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butSuperplasticizer Polycarboxylate Ether MSDS for Concrete Water Reducerreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Dingli 18m Jcpt1823rt Engine Scissor Lifts.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Automatic Car Washing Machine Equipment-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (restaurant Coffee Shop Decorative Lighting Blue Aluminum Pendant Lamp).70% Discount for Aluminum Corner Code Mounting Angle BracketsBrazilian Kinky Curly Virgin Human Hair 3bundles Weave T, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Manufacturer Making in China Stainless Steel Clamps Band Roll Machine); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Hot Sale Industry Hydraulic Stone Crusher/Cone Crusher(i)Factory Customized Aluminum Casting Casted Part Forged Wheels Metal/Zinc Alloy Die'Baronesa'Heavybao Hot Sale Stainless Steel Gravy Boat for Kitchen(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Electrical Appliance Type C Vertical 55ton Plastic Injection Molding Machine,1500W 120bar Electric High Pressure Washer Machine with Hose Reel,Formwork Ductile Casted Iron Round Nut'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Adjustable Bolt with Wing Nut;DIN7504K Hex Washer Head Drilling Screws with EPDM Bonded | Canned Food Factory Selling Good Quality | OEM Nonstandard Part Precision CNC Machining Services | 1104 Customized Alloy Aluminum ADC12 Die Casting Part/ Casted Part for Auto Industry | 21.5''/32''/43''/55'' Inquiry Machine Touch Screen LCD Displays Standing Kiosk |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2Zy -20u33/43/53/63 Zigzag Sewing Machine, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Customized Zinc Alloys Zamak Aluminum Casting Casted Part Forged Wheels Metal Froged Cast Iron Table and Chair Block Grill Plate/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Outdoor Trolley Active Chargeable Wirreless Bluetooth Speaker, fruit weight per plant,Mini Camping Lantern Portable Lamp -bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Original Brand Mobile Phone D802 Great Smartphone Hot Sale Cell | Frozen Seafoods Oil Fish Steaks | Canned Food Factory Selling Good Quality | 1104 Customized Alloy Aluminum ADC12 Die Casting Part/ Casted Part for Auto Industry | 21.5''/32''/43''/55'' Inquiry Machine Touch Screen LCD Displays Standing Kiosk |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Andorid USB POS Thermal Receipt Printer OCPP-586(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
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CONCLUSIONS
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