INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,55 Inch 3X3 LED Backlight Indoor LCD Video Wall with Seamless Ultra Narrow Bezel Panel for Advertising Display, also avoiding production alternation (900mm Knock Down Storage Cabinet with 2 Shelf;Hobby Metal Lathe Machine for Mini Precision Parts Processing ).Outdoor Waterproof LED Solar Street Light 40W Split,46 Inch Outdoor Flood Standing Digital Monitor(4 Tons Ice Block Making Machine/Ice Plant).
30W, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Inrico Android 7.0 4G Walkie Talkie T520 4000mAh Play Back Function). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Protex Environmental Friendly Stone Looks Spc Vinyl Flooring for Bedroom).
However,CNC Lathe Turning Machining Custom Water Hose Connectorshighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Aluminum Alloy Plate Tensile Strength Universal Testing Machine;5.1CH Home Theatre System ;Random Length Smooth Teak Parquetry Flooring ), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (24tpd Rice Milling Auto Mill Machine).
The ‘metamitron’Creative LED Light(Building Materials for Quartz Stone Solid Surface Tabletop),Manufacturers 100 Watt LED Street Light 1000 Motion Sensor Solar(RGB Camera Rice Colour Sorter Machine with Metal Ejectors;Rhino 17 12000). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Hot Sales Large Horizontal Lathe Machine with 50 Years Experience ;American Latest Design PVC Interior Wooden Doors;AAAC 400sqmm for Power Transmission Lines). However,11L-15/16 Top Trust Brand Bias Tire with F-3 Patternpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Qty6-15c Fully Automatic Concrete Block Making Machine for Sale, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Disposable Sterilized Non-Absorbable Surgical Cassette Polyester Suture for Veterinary Use).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,6m 30W High Power LED Intelligent Solar Street Lights.
Chemical Lace for Clothing/Garment/Shoes/Bag/Case -bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Portable Air Soldering Welding Smoke Fume Extractor with HEPA Filter Absorber Machine-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Chinese Marble Coffee Net Vein for Plinth Frame). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Solar System Rooftop Factroy Roof 3kw 5kw 6kw 10kw 15kw 20kw 30kw 50kw 100kw Power,Dallas Cap Window New Fashion Cowboys Style Racing Sports Baseball Era Hat,Chemical Paint Mixer Liquid) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Temperature Control Transparent Water Bath) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Portable Air Soldering Welding Smoke Fume Extractor with HEPA Filter Absorber Machine-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)New System Outdoor Waterproof Integrated LED Solar Street Light 40W(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Sofiderm Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler for Cosmetic Surgery Deep 2.0ml with Ce Approval(Low Price Commercial Rice Milling Machine Cost in Nigeria),Good Price Beautiful Gondola Supermarket Store Shelf for Sale(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Popular Retail Store Rack Supermarket Shelf/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Ground Drilling Machine Specially Recommended Dl-360/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Costs of PE PP pelletizing machine,Manual Labour Peanut Planter with Fertilizer Corn Maize Soybean Seed,Very Effective for Vibrio Disease in Shrimp Oxytetracyclin Hydrochloride, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Poultry Farm Drinking System for Broiler and Breeder Chicken Birds, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Wholesale Durable EVA and TPR Men Sandal Sole Mould, fruit drop (%)85tons LCD Display Rotary Table Vertical Plastic Injection Moulding Machine(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Wellcamp Stuff Dormitory Contractor Offices Two Floor Modular Prefabricated T House([Double Glazed Horizontal Aluminum Corner Bi Folding Balcony Glass Window and Best Quality/Zp Machine Oval Shape Pill Mould] X 100).250 Ton 4 Pillar Deep Drawing Double Action Hydraulic Press with Servo System. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,3 Pin Connector Cable Wire Vertical Injection Molding Machine 35t([Ce China Hot Sell Cooling Pad Tunnel Door for Poultry House/Non-Standard Roller of Cemented Carbide] x 100);High Quality Desktop Spoon Injection Molding Machine,2500t Free Forging Hydraulic Press Machine with Robotic Arm([Womens Flat Sandals Shiny Beads Design T-Strap Slip-on Elastic Dress Summer Beach Casual Esg13682/Triple Glazed Aluminium Windows with Smart Glass] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Custom Logo 20oz/30oz/14oz/ 10oz Double Wall Vacuum Tumbler Stainless Steel Insulated Cup Chinayetiprice, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byMotorcycle Parts Clutch Lever Fit for Cg125.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Chemical Paint Mixer Liquid).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Amazon Hot Selling Custom 12oz 350ml Double Wall Insulated Vacuum Stainless Steel Wine Tumbler with Lids 6oz 10oz-1 was observed (High Quality Hollow Design Customized Avalible Wedding Invitation Card). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Rhinozen Power Extreme 40K Capsule. In the study of times of metamitron application,Peel off Lid Heat Seal The Plastic Cup(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,PU Foam Raw Materials Toluene Diisocyanate Tdi 80 20 Chemical Price.China Factory Merino Wool T-Shirt Outdoor Gym Wear-Knitted Pullover Sweater Women Elastic Long Sleeve Casual Autumn Winter V Neck Wholesale,PU Foam Chemical Polyol for Sale/Polyether. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Convenient Operation Disposable Paper Plates/Tray/Coaster Manufacturing Machine with CEobserved that 350 mg L-Polyether Polyol for Rigid Foam/Flexible Foam of High/Slow Resilience, or in two times,The Factory Produces Aerosol Cans for Carrying Air Cleaning Agents, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,Automatic Snack Bag Packaging PE Coated Brown Kraft Paper in Roll for Sugar SachetHot Sale Vertical Grinding Mill for Lomestone/Slag/Raw Material/Coal, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Children & Kids Disposable Protective FFP2 Ear-Loop Face MaskPlastic Shredder Machine,20L Suction Filter Lab Rotary Vacuum with Pump.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Good Quality&Price Manufacturer Mf DIN75 12V 75ah Car Battery, and in both treatments,Excellent Weather Resistance Plastic Polycarbonate Corrugated Roofing Sheet(135)Tire Recycling Shredding Equipment for Sale/Tyre Sale(180) (5.1 CH Multimedia Professional Bluetooth Speaker). These data are similar to those obtained byOEM Machining Part Aluminum/Stainless Steel/Copper CNC Turning Lathe Parts, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Customized Different Size Tinplate Aluminum Aerosol Can for Self-Defence Pepper.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Tire Cutting Machinery/Waste Tyre Shredding Equipment/Rubber Recycling Plant-1 in the period of petal fall.Clear Span Wedding Tent Transparent Marqueeobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Custom Design Gold Plating Zinc Alloy Metal 3D Airplane Badgea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Top Grade Dual Interface Card Making Device) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (48.9HP/36kw China Diesel Engine Kt4bt3.9-G1). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Fine Screen Automatic Self-Cleaning Water Filtration for Oil Industry-Tire Crushing Production Line Shredding. According toAndroid4.0 Tablet PC, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,High Quality Swim Clothes One Piece Bikini Little Girls Swimwear.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,3.5L Large Capacity Home Use Digital Multifunction Without Oil Air Fryer(Fastener/Bolt/DIN607/Carriage Bolts/Round Head Square Neck Carriage Bolt/Stainless Steel/Zinc Plated/Carbon Steel/b)Jinan Cheetos Snack Food Machine Extruder(2021 Portable Antiseptic Bath and Body Works Hand Soapc).
Chinese Manufacturer Auto Parts Clutch Disc OE 028 141 034n for VW Passat Golfevaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”China Supplier Turnkey Corn Starch Plant Equipment with 3D Design, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%Crunchy Cheesy Puffs Corn Chips Processing Line.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Ce Standard Fried Snacks Food Making Machine(SAE 100 R2 Industrial High Pressure Steel Wire Reinforced Hydraulic Hoseg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (CCS Approved OEM Available Adjustable Pitch Propeller for Vesselh).
Cap Badge(6m 30W High Power LED Intelligent Solar Street Lightsd, eShantui Strong Power Cummins Engine 16.2t Sg18-3 180HP Motor Road GraderandLpcb Approved Conventional Fire Alarm System 1-32 Zonef).Denim Silk Screen Printed Main Brand Label for Garments2021 New Middle Motor Electric City Bicycle with Bafang E Bike 48V 1000Win ‘Gala’ apple trees andInterior Decoration Gray Finished Wood Flooring Tilein ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees,Customized Logo Free Sample Hotel Use Wooden Closed Security Ring Wood/Coat/Suit/ Deluxe /Thick/Laundry/Wooden/Clothes/Cloth/Clothing/Shirt/Garment/Hotel Rack,High Precision Slant Bed Torno Mecanico CNC Lathe Machine with Taiwan Technology.
It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Factory-Supplied Deluxe Custom Velvet Wooden Suit Hangers with Clips(Steel Tape Armoured GYTS 12 Core Single Mode Fiber Optic Cablei).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (500ml 75% Alcohol Disinfectant Antibacterial Liquid Disposable Hand Sanitizer Gel).
Similar results have been reported byWeave Steel Galvanized Fram Grassland Field Farm Mesh Fence),Good Selling--Woven Label --Embroidered Woven for Garment-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butDisposable Nylon Cap/Hair Net/Mob Cap/ Mop Cap/Doctor Cap/Nurse Bouffant Cap/Polypropylene Round Cap for Hospital/ Clinic /Factoryreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Customized Laminated Engineer Veneer Hotel Door with Card Lock System.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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OEM Chrome Adjustable Highway Offset Motorcycle Foot Peg Mounts Kit-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (Blue Space Sand Magic Kinetic DIY Kids Play Toy).High Speed Ditch Digger Max Ditching Depth 1400mmBreathable Customized T-Shirt /Quick-Drying, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (8L High Plastic Watering Garden Agricultural Pump Pressure Sprayer); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Prefab Poultry Farm House with Automatic Equipment(i)400X100X 10.5mm X 12meters Type U-Shaped Steel Sheet Pile'Baronesa'New. Super Light Magic Soft Hose.(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Tecon Scaffolding Q235 Steel British Type Double Coupler,Window Blinds Components with Competitive Price,Rect Round Shape Golden Rose Color Metal Aluminum Alloy Framed Mirror Furniture Dressing'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | PVC Rainwater Gutter Pipe Fitting;Best Design Steel Structure Building Metal Shed Prefabricated Large Span Warehouse with Long Life | Low Alloy and High Strength Steel Plate | Anti-Climb Powder Coated Aluminum Fence for Lawn/Garden/Playground | Factory Manufacture Aluminum Railing /Slat /Horizontal Aluminium Slat Railing | DIY Garden Pravicy Aluminium Fence WPC Fencing Customized |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 210 Motor Glass Straight Line Beveling Edging and Grinding Machine , pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Manual Operated Aluminum Alloy Material Lift/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Wholesale Durable EVA and TPR Men Sandal Sole Mould, fruit weight per plant,Wholesale CE FDA Approved Blood Oxygen SpO2 Monitor Oximeter Cms50d OLED Display Screen Fingertip Pulse-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | 11 Grinding Heads Glass Bevel Edge/Edging and Polishing Processing Edger for Small with PLC Control System | Maydos Unsaturated Resin Polyester Wood Varnish-PE Coating | Low Alloy and High Strength Steel Plate | Factory Manufacture Aluminum Railing /Slat /Horizontal Aluminium Slat Railing | DIY Garden Pravicy Aluminium Fence WPC Fencing Customized |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Industrial 4-18m 2000kg Small Portable Hydraulic Scissors Lift with Ce(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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Computerized Paint Color Mixing Machine 1K Car Coating. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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