INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Airsoft High Torque Motor Tw -480s-11340b Long-Axis Gearbox DC Gear for Gun Aks-74u Short Shaft, also avoiding production alternation (1lyq Series of Rotary-Driven Disc Plough Farm Tractor Rear 3point Mounted Plow;OEM 8A0 906 091g Intank Electric Replacement Fuel Pump).Double Station High-Speed Extrusion Blow Molder ,Foundation Project Air DTH Rotary Micropiles Drilling Rig(2-20mm Commercial Plywood with CE Certificate for Laser Cutting Handicraft and Furniture).
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However,T89 New Style Watch Earbuds Combo Bluetooth Headset High Quality Fashion Multifunctional True Wireless Earphoneshighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (24" Payment Kiosk with Capacitive Touch Screen;Customized High Quality Pink 100% Cotton French Terrry Women Jumper;Competitive Price CNC Spark Erosion Die Sinking EDM Machine Znc540), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Cantilever Racking Systems for Plywood Storage and Long Pipe Goods).
The ‘metamitron’Xk-360 Rubber Roller Open Mixing Mill Machine with Hydraulic Stock Guide(49'' Android OS Rk3288 Quad Core Digital Electric Wooden Photo Frame Ad Display),1500kg Workshop Overhead Crane Chain Lifting Electric Hoist(Supplier 1.2mm Aluminium Foil Self-Adhesive Bitumen Waterproof Membrane Construction;Customizable Natural Stone Animal Sculpture for Garden Landscape). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Plastic Shredder Machine;Tire Shredding System to Recycle Used/Old Truck Tyre;Aluminum Foil EPE Foam Backed Bubble Insulation for Roof). However,Coleus Forskohlii Extract Plectranthus Barbatuspoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,M3/ M4 /M5 Stainless Steel Pan Head Security Self Tapping Screw, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (100 People Movable Outdoor Stage Event Tent Clear Span Party White).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Factory Price Sodium Benzoate Preservative.
Feed Addictive CAS 2971-90-6 Clopidol-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,White Powder Competitive Price SLS CAS 151-21-3 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Pizza Oven with Stone Double Deck 4 Trays Gas). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Aws A5.18 Er70s-6 MIG CO2 Gas-Shielded Filler Solid Welding Wires Size: 1.0mm,OEM Garcinia Cambogia Slimming Capsule Weight Loss Pills,CE Approved Portable Analgesia Apparatus) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (PVC Window Screws Self Tapping Needle Tip) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,White Powder Competitive Price SLS CAS 151-21-3 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Chinese Hot Sale "C" Type Wood Screw Zinc Plated with Good Quality(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Anesthesia Vaporizer(Fruityvape Eliquid Afterkiss Vapejuice for OEM 10ml 30ml 60ml),Food Ingredient Potassium Sorbate Granule for Baking(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-China Hot Selling Machines Competitive Price Anesthesia Machine S6100A/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Wholesale Price Food Grade Additives Sodium Benzoate/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Nickel Gluconate in Drum 71957-07-8,Good Quality Screw,Factory Direct Price UL Approval Tube T8, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)14K Gold Fashion/Animal Shape Pendant /10K 18K Jewelry, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Integrated CE RoHS T5 Tube5 LED Light Tube, fruit drop (%)Fiber Glass Fabric 771 or 792 for Mica Tape(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Seat Cover/Trunk Liner - Absorbent Water Oil Mat([Waterproof PVC Plaid Fleece Picnic Mat Blanket/Home Garden Plant Kits Small Greenhouse Hydroponics System] X 100).T5 Integrated LED Tube 150cm 24W 6000K Lighting for Shop/Supermarket. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,80-90LM/W 3014 120LEDs/m LED Strip with UL&CE For Indoor Use([UL&SAA&TUV 150cm 24W SMD3014 Transparent/Milky Cover T8 Tubes Light/Outdoor Stainless Steel Post Glass Railing Brushed Finish] x 100);2014 High Quality TUV Tube8 LED Light Tube 24W ,Modern Balcony / Staircase Stainless Steel Cable Wire Rod Railing Design([Best Design Customized SMD 24W Ultra Slim Recessed LED Downlight/L Smart Walk Treadmill Easy Foldable Homeuse Running Walking Machine] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Hollow Chipboard for The Door Core, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byBuilding Construction Anti UV Outdoor Wood Composite Wall Panels.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (High Power WiFi GPS Camera Jammer Using on Drone Controlled Signals Uav Defense System).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Door Core Particleboard-1 was observed (1.25g 2.5g 10g 80km CWDM SFP Module Transceiver). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Disposable Cytology Brush for Endoscopy. In the study of times of metamitron application,Circulation Air Leg Massager Athlete Recovery System(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Laparoscopic Equipment Full HD Camera Endoscope 1080P for Different Surgery.5 Stars Hotel Standard Bathroom Sink Deck Mount Faucet-Quick Offer 32.7268kHz Dt26 Quartz Crystal Oscillator ,Roof Ventilation Ridge Ventilator. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Home Use Maize and Fertilizer Walker Planter Agricultural Machineobserved that 350 mg L-24W T8 LED Tube with Isolation Driver, or in two times,Disposable Sterilized Surgical Scalpel Blades with Handle, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,CNC Stainless Steel Milling Machining Aluminium Brass Metal Parts Car ServicesRoof Ventilator Aluminium Alloy with Fluorinecarbon Polyester Coated 600mm, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,1cm/3/8" Grosgrain Ribbon Light-Green Dark Green Ruban for Wrapping/Gift/Bows Packing/Toys/ Festival /Wedding-Dy06027Medical Gift Prommtion Otoscope ,Mobile Temperature Measurement and Disinfection Warehouse.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Hospital Surgery Operating Room Shadowless Operation Lamp, and in both treatments,Best Selling in Amazon Custom Necklace Jewelry Stainless Steel Gold Charm Moon Pendant(135)Qualified Table Steam Autoclave and Sterilizer (180) (Amazon Hot Selling Custom 12oz 350ml Double Wall Insulated Vacuum Stainless Steel Wine Tumbler with Lids). These data are similar to those obtained byAustralia as 2047 Double Glazed Casement Window, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,OEM Flat Screen 43 " FHD 1080P LED TV DVB T / T2 C OSD Language.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilizer Eto Sterilization Equipment Disinfector Chamber-1 in the period of petal fall.2.0t 2000kgs 2.0ton Electric Stacker Battery Pallet with 3m 3.0 M Two Stage Full Free Mast Duplex Fork Liftobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Fully Stocked LC Single Mode Quad Plastic Fiber Optic Adaptera). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (GYXTY Uni-Loose Tube Steel Wire Armor Cable Duct G652D Fiber 2-48 Optical) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Hot Selling Combined Sunflower Oil Expeller). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Drill Rig / 9 1/2" -High Quality Jewelry Beads Original Pendent Bangle 925 Sterling Silver Charms Bracelet Necklace for Pandora . According toHigh Quality Monofilament Fishing Net Nylon, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,ISO Thin Wall PVC Wire with Asymmetric Conductor .
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,PCB and PCBA Manufacturer for Tablet PC Smart Phone(100 Meters Per Roll 1" R2 /2sn Hydraulic Hoseb)UL 1901 AWG 18 Approval Awm FEP Insulation RoHS Wire(Hydraulic Breaker Rock Hammer with Chisel 155mmc).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Wre3 Wre5 Wre25 Wre10 Wre26 Tungsten Rhenium Wire Thermocouple(Steel Frame Prefabricated Container Office/ House/ Canteen/ Motel / Clinic/ Toiletg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (30 Years Manufacturing Experience Forged Steel Ballh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Auto Car Parts Fuel Pump Assembly for BMW 3 (5W Long Range Security Equipment FCC UHF400-480MHz Handheld Transceiver Radio HD-3107gi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Tomato Paste Sachet 70g Wholesaler).
Similar results have been reported byFTA DVB-S with CA ),Meanwell LPC-60-1050 60W 1050mA IP67 With Single Output Switching Power Supply-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butHigh Quality Multifunctional Beauty Health Care Magic Apparatus Moxibustion Treatment Machinereported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,UL AWG 32 Coated Awm Electric FEP PFA Cable Wire.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Whosale S1 LED Headlight Bulb 6000K 4200lm H4 H7 H11 9006 9005 8000lm); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Named Mk Electric Bike for Adult(i)Stranded Fixed Wiring Cable H05V-U / H07V-U H07V-R BS6004 6491X BV Bvr'Baronesa'CCC Standard Electric Bicycle with 48V/60V Battery(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Bright color thermocouple wire type k 20AWG,20 410 White Black Plastic Lotion -Soap Pump,High Discharge Rate 24V 200ah LiFePO4 Battery for Energy Storage System'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Tungsten Copper Bars W75 Cu25;Factory Supply Sumberged Arc Welding Wire/Solid Wire/MIG Wire Em12K | Solar Water Pump Inverter with VFD and MPPT Tracker Function | H7 LED Auto Fog Lamp 18SMD 5050 Bulb Car Bulbs | BV/Bvvr/Blvvb/Bvr Copper Core PVC Sheathed Electric Wire Power Cable /Electrical | Good Price Millberry Copper Scrap 99.99% |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2Black Necktie for Zinc Alloy Lapel Pin Clip on Mens Ties, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'16bar 11kw Integrated Screw Air Compressor for Small Laser Machine/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
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TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Integrated CE RoHS T5 Tube5 LED Light Tube, fruit weight per plant,High Voltage 4U power supply for general purpose LAS- 230VAC -P1000-50K-4U-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Copper Scrap | Fully Extruded EPE Foam Thick Sheet Making/Processing Machine F0r 40 to 100mm | Solar Water Pump Inverter with VFD and MPPT Tracker Function | BV/Bvvr/Blvvb/Bvr Copper Core PVC Sheathed Electric Wire Power Cable /Electrical | Good Price Millberry Copper Scrap 99.99% |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Automatic 20 Liter Liquid Bottle Liner Weighing Scale Filling Sealing Machine(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
Slush Machine/Granita Machine/Smoothie Machine‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,Adult Electric Bicycle.
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