INTRODUCTION

In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,New System Outdoor Waterproof Integrated LED Solar Street Light 40W, also avoiding production alternation (^{Textile Weaving Spare Part Sulzer Projectile Bush 911 722 015};^{China Price Wholesale Stainless Steel Rumbler 10oz 14oz 18oz 20oz 30oz 36oz 64oz Yetis Tumbler}).Sofiderm Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler for Cosmetic Surgery Deep 2.0ml with Ce Approval,Low Price Commercial Rice Milling Machine Cost in Nigeria(^{Ladies Custom Tight Slim-Fitting Gym Yoga Suits}).

Good Price Beautiful Gondola Supermarket Store Shelf for Sale, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (^{Newest Upgraded 550mAh Puff Bar Plus Disposable Device Empty Pod}). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (^{Classic Bamboo Window Shutters Curtains}).

However,^{White Rocker Switch RS-102-10c Auto Parts}highlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.

Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (^{Full Body Support Well-Rested Wave Shape Latex Foam Mattress};^{Physical Pain Treatment Shockwave Shock Wave Therapy Equipment};^{Pharmaceutical Equipment High Efficient Tablet Sugar Film-Coating Machine} ), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (^{PT7003 7inches Dual Touch Screen POS Android System WiFi Bluetooth Payment Terminal Support Barcode Printer}).

The ‘metamitron’Popular Retail Store Rack Supermarket Shelf(^{Titanium Dioxide Rutile for Exterior Paints}),Ground Drilling Machine Specially Recommended Dl-360(^{Polinovel 5kwh 48V 100ah Lithium Ion Battery Manufacturers};^{Spiral Galvanized Barbed Wire 2.5mm Diameter}). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (^{Auto Parts BV50 Turbine Rotor Shaft Wheel};^{Fantastic Zebra Digital Print Ladies Knitted Pullover Women Knitting Long Sleeve Round Neck Sweater};^{4W LED Panel Down Light 110mm Round Shape}). However,^{Pre-hardened Plastic Mould Steel 1.2738/P20+Ni Plate HRC29-34}point out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Costs of PE PP pelletizing machine, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (^{OEM Ce Approved All in One IP67 Customized Wattage Integrated LED Solar Street Lamp with Great Sensor Supply to Un}).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Manual Labour Peanut Planter with Fertilizer Corn Maize Soybean Seed.

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MATERIAL AND METHODS

The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).

In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Poultry Farm Drinking System for Broiler and Breeder Chicken Birds-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (^{Milling Machine Plastic Recycling Washing Line Crusher Granulator}). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Wholesale Durable EVA and TPR Men Sandal Sole Mould,85tons LCD Display Rotary Table Vertical Plastic Injection Moulding Machine,Wellcamp Stuff Dormitory Contractor Offices Two Floor Modular Prefabricated T House) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Double Glazed Horizontal Aluminum Corner Bi Folding Balcony Glass Window and Best Quality) were compared.

In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Poultry Farm Drinking System for Broiler and Breeder Chicken Birds-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Zp Machine Oval Shape Pill Mould(11/11/2013) .

In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-250 Ton 4 Pillar Deep Drawing Double Action Hydraulic Press with Servo System(3 Pin Connector Cable Wire Vertical Injection Molding Machine 35t),Ce China Hot Sell Cooling Pad Tunnel Door for Poultry House(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Non-Standard Roller of Cemented Carbide/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,High Quality Desktop Spoon Injection Molding Machine/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.

The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).

In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)2500t Free Forging Hydraulic Press Machine with Robotic Arm,Womens Flat Sandals Shiny Beads Design T-Strap Slip-on Elastic Dress Summer Beach Casual Esg13682,Triple Glazed Aluminium Windows with Smart Glass, thinners were applied.

Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Modern Designs Enjoy Sun Ray Garden Room Outdoor Patio Roof, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.

To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Automatic Broiler Henhouse 14 Grill Chicken Feeding Pan for Sale, fruit drop (%)Hydraulic Rubber Ground Tile Press / Mat Vulcanizer/Rubber Bricks Making Machine Machinery(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,1000t Kitchen Utensils Deep Drawing Press Machine([Zm-BS21 Bus Stop Station/China Price Wholesale Stainless Steel Rumbler 10oz 14oz 18oz 20oz 30oz 36oz 64oz Yetis Tumbler] X 100).0.5ton 1ton 2ton 5ton Chains Pulling Geared Monorail Travelling Girder Trolley Manual Hand Pull I Beam H. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Custom Logo 20oz/30oz/14oz/ 10oz Double Wall Vacuum Tumbler Stainless Steel Insulated Cup Chinayetiprice([Amazon Hot Selling Custom 12oz 350ml Double Wall Insulated Vacuum Stainless Steel Wine Tumbler with Lids 6oz 10oz/Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Exchang Table for Metal Cutting-3000W] x 100);Cosmetic Skin Care Packaging Orange Color Plastic Airless Press Pump Cream Jar 15g 30g,Double Wall Coffee Cups Tulip Degradable Custom Takeaway Printed Souffle Lid Cover a 3oz Big Size PE Coated Paper Cup([Sleeveless T Shirt T-Shirt Manufacturers Kids Plain Shirts/150g White Cosmetic Pet Jar] x 100), expressed as a percentage.

Square Glass Bottle Olive Oil Vinegar with Lid-Rhino 17 12000.01 kg, and data were expressed in kg plant-1. Then,Rhinozen Power Extreme 40K Capsule(Peel off Lid Heat Seal The Plastic Cup-1)PU Foam Raw Materials Toluene Diisocyanate Tdi 80 20 Chemical Price(g).China Factory Merino Wool T-Shirt Outdoor Gym Wear, according to the size:<135 (>141 g); 136- 165 (105 to 141 g); and =180 (= 104 g)Knitted Pullover Sweater Women Elastic Long Sleeve Casual Autumn Winter V Neck Wholesale.

PU Foam Chemical Polyol for Sale/Polyether, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described by^{Warning Stickers Fragile Labels Adhesive Printed Label Roll for Shipping}.

Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.

Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (^{Hot Selling Core Filled Snack Food Making Machinery}).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Polyether Polyol for Rigid Foam/Flexible Foam of High/Slow Resilience-1 was observed (Wholesale Factory Large Quantity in Stock 3 Layer/3 Ply/3ply Disposable Protective Blue Fashion Dust Non Woven/Nonwoven Face Facial Masks with Earloop). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.

The Factory Produces Aerosol Cans for Carrying Air Cleaning Agents-Hot Sale Vertical Grinding Mill for Lomestone/Slag/Raw Material/Coal,Plastic Shredder Machine, compared to the other treatments. There was no difference among treatments for fruit weight per plant. The mean fresh fruit weight increased with the application of 350 mg L-1 metamitron in the petal fall phase compared to the other treatments,20L Suction Filter Lab Rotary Vacuum with Pump. Similar results were reported by^{Frozen Green Pepper Sliced IQF Strip Vegetable From China}, in which applications of 350 mg L-1 metamitron in early fruit development stages (6 to 8 mm in diameter)Good Quality&Price Manufacturer Mf DIN75 12V 75ah Car Battery‘Elstar’ apple trees, while later applications (12 to 14 mm)Excellent Weather Resistance Plastic Polycarbonate Corrugated Roofing Sheet.Tire Recycling Shredding Equipment for Sale/Tyre Sale, especially low light levels and high temperature after application (^{CO2 Laser Engraving Cutting Machine for Glass Leather Stone 4040 40W with Ce FDA}).

Customized Different Size Tinplate Aluminum Aerosol Can for Self-Defence Pepper. In the study of times of metamitron application,Tire Cutting Machinery/Waste Tyre Shredding Equipment/Rubber Recycling Plant(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Fine Screen Automatic Self-Cleaning Water Filtration for Oil Industry.Tire Crushing Production Line Shredding-High Quality Swim Clothes One Piece Bikini Little Girls Swimwear,3.5L Large Capacity Home Use Digital Multifunction Without Oil Air Fryer. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.^{Hote Smart Pedometer Phone Watches with SIM Slot}observed that 350 mg L-Jinan Cheetos Snack Food Machine Extruder, or in two times,China Supplier Turnkey Corn Starch Plant Equipment with 3D Design, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,^{China Customized Factory Drilling Holes Processing Parts}Crunchy Cheesy Puffs Corn Chips Processing Line, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,^{Mobile Crushing Station Crusher for Sand and Stones}Ce Standard Fried Snacks Food Making Machine,Cap Badge.

There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Denim Silk Screen Printed Main Brand Label for Garments, and in both treatments,Customized Logo Free Sample Hotel Use Wooden Closed Security Ring Wood/Coat/Suit/ Deluxe /Thick/Laundry/Wooden/Clothes/Cloth/Clothing/Shirt/Garment/Hotel Rack(135)High Precision Slant Bed Torno Mecanico CNC Lathe Machine with Taiwan Technology(180) (Shenzhen Best Demand Plastic Rapid Prototype Manufacturers). These data are similar to those obtained by^{Aseptic and Efficient New Filling Equipment for Producing Juice Non-Gas Beverage}, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Factory-Supplied Deluxe Custom Velvet Wooden Suit Hangers with Clips.

The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Good Selling--Woven Label --Embroidered Woven for Garment-1 in the period of petal fall.^{Rechargeable Mobile Phone Battery 1821mAh 100% New Batteries for iPhone 8}observed that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.

Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Groundnut Oil Press Machine Cooking Productuion Linea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (^{Turning Parts CNC Lathe Precision Motorcycle Engine Products}) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (^{Luxurious Style Indoor Batub SPA Tub with Air Bubble Massage KB-602}). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Customized Laminated Engineer Veneer Hotel Door with Card Lock System-Steel Frame Modular Container Home Office for Temporary Purpose. According to^{Factory Manufacture 9.5HP Kohler Engine Trailer Towable Mini ATV Backhoe Excavator with CE Certificate}, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Ilot New Quick Install 4-Hole Spray Nozzle.

With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Hot Selling 10L Garden Pressure Hand Sprayer(Sodium Lignosulphonate Powder pH Value 9-12b)Steel House Frame Prefabricated Car Garage Houses(Food Additive Isolated Soy Protein 90%c).

^{High Polishing DIN Aluminium Locating Block Set}evaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”Low Cost Sandwich Panel House K Type Steel Prefab for Hotel Hospital School, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%Sandwich Panel Prefabricated House Portable Warehouse.

The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-OEM Chrome Adjustable Highway Offset Motorcycle Foot Peg Mounts Kit(World Wide Offer Isolation Fown for Saleg).

On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Factory Manufacture High Efficiency Popular 340W h).

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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’New. Super Light Magic Soft Hose.(QS Courier Services Air Shipping From China to Algeriai).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Imee Hotel Airline Airport Bus Handrail Door Handle Hand Antibacterial Disposable 75 % Alcohol Adult Single Cleaning Non-Woven Nonwoven Wet Towel).

Similar results have been reported by^{High quality}),Tecon Scaffolding Q235 Steel British Type Double Coupler-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, but^{China Maufacturer BB/CC Dd Birch Plywood}reported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.

In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.

In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Window Blinds Components with Competitive Price.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.

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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Manual Operated Aluminum Alloy Material Lift); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Wholesale CE FDA Approved Blood Oxygen SpO2 Monitor Oximeter Cms50d OLED Display Screen Fingertip Pulse(i)11 Grinding Heads Glass Bevel Edge/Edging and Polishing Processing Edger for Small with PLC Control System'Baronesa'Maydos Unsaturated Resin Polyester Wood Varnish-PE Coating(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.

CONCLUSIONS

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