INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,NSF & ISO Approved Metal Wire Grocery display Racks, also avoiding production alternation (High Waist Butt Life Workout Leggins Women Fitness Wear Gym Yoga Pants Camo Leggings for;8A/9A Grade Brazilian/Indian Virgin/Remy Human Hair Bundles with Grey Color).Hot Sale Aluminum Shopping Rollator,Senior Infant Nursing Model Training for Hospital School Slv-H140(PVC UPVC CPVC/PE HDPE PPR PC Smooth Rigid Corrugated Flexible Soft Hose Water Pipe Single/Double Screw Extruder/Extrusion/Extruding/Making Machine for 800mm).
100%Polyester Ruana Tie Dye Chiffon Poncho/Ruana/Warp/Cape, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Taiwan-Made Metal Machining Lathe CNC). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (OEM Oil Filter for Car or Truck).
However,New. Super Light Magic Soft Hose.highlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (High Quality Fast Delivery in Stock KN95 Mask Anti-Dust Kn 95 Face;50% Solid Content Liquid PCE Superplasticizer Cement Additive;Deft Design Pendoo X10 Max Amlogic S905X3 OEM Android 9.0 TV Tuner Set Top Box Hdr10 Vp9+ 3D Video Decoder), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Automatic Car/Truck/OTR Tire/Rubber Mulch Recycling Plant for Pyrolysis).
The ‘metamitron’5mm/0.3mm Mirror Aluminum Composite Panel for Indicator Board(Ladies' Fox Fur Coat ),Eboat Times O10 Hemp Oil Vape Pen Cbd Vaporizer Disposable E-Cigarette(Corrosion Resistant High Strength Nm500 Nm450 Nm400 Wear-Resistant Steel Plate;China Normal White Fresh Garlic 6.0 Cm). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Wholesale Wedding Event Furniture Gold Stacking Chair for;Pendoo X11 PRO H616 Airplay Mirroring USB Dish Launcher WiFi Internet Streaming 4K 6GB Freesat Motherboard Smart Box TV Android;for Sale 4.2m Rib Boat with FRP Bottom). However,Professional Dual 10 Inch 3 Way Neodymium Big Line Array System Vr36point out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,90-100W Reci W2 Laser Tube with 1200mm Length, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Forged Grinding Steel Balls / Mill for Minings).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Sandalwood Mosquito Repellent Outdoor Sticks.
3mm/0.21mm Matte Aluminum Composite Panel for Surface Materials-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Printed Tubular Custom Logo Seamless Bandana for Mens -1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (China Factory Disposable Paper Cup with Handle). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,NPN / PNP TCA Proximity Sensor Square with Ce,HTC Diamond for Concrete Grinding Machine,Light Commercial Peck Fly & Rear Delt Multi Function Gym Equipment) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (0.6/1kv PVC Insulated Sheathed Low Voltage Power Cable) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Printed Tubular Custom Logo Seamless Bandana for Mens -1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Metalized Pet Decorative Film for Gift Flower Packing(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-HTC System Concrete Metal Segment Grinding Diamonds(Wnq Brand Multi Function Bench Home Gym Equipment),Triangle Cheap Safety Cat Eye Plastic Reflex Reflector Kc204(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-High Quality Color Coating Glass Perfume Bottle by China Manufacturer/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,8mm Dibond Place Aluminum Composite Panel Sheet/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)6m Diameter Igloo Large Geodesic Dome Tent for Outdoor Activities,High Quality Polyester Pre Efficiency Air Filter for Spray Booth Filtration,Cosmetic Empty 200ml Plastic Pet Bottle with Perfume Mist Sprayer, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)High Quality Pendoo X88 Z8350 Mini PC Media Market Window 10 Smart TV Box Intel, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),High Polishing DIN Aluminium Locating Block Set, fruit drop (%)for Chery A3 Car DVD GPS Bluetooh Video Navigation System(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Professional and Best Seller Steel Structure Warehouse /Prefabricated Garage Shed([Calcined Pet Coke/Printed Circuit Board PCB Manufacturer in China] X 100).Washable Baby Cloth Changing Pad. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,2021 New Arrived Design Digital Printing Hijab Square Satin Silk Scarves([2021 New Version Trimble GPS Gnss Rtk R12/Brass Hot Forged Water Distributor Manifold] x 100);High Quality Oilless Guide Bush ,Tractor Spare Parts Input Shaft C W Bush of Gearbox Aftermarket for FIAT 480 640 Fits No 4985299; 4817025([Yf500 PVC Profile Making Machine/Production Line/LCD Display 12V 18600mAh 5.0L Car Multi-function Jump Starter] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
Warning Stickers Fragile Labels Adhesive Printed Label Roll for Shipping-Leather Industrial Chemicals 85% Formic Acid.01 kg, and data were expressed in kg plant-1. Then,1080P HD Sdi Waterproof Camera (Hollowed Out Desktop Box Mould-1)Chain Saw (g).Sale Dark Green Silk Screen Printing Spray Electroplating Deep Processing Glass Wine Bottle Baked, according to the size:<135 (>141 g); 136- 165 (105 to 141 g); and =180 (= 104 g)Top Grade Dual Interface Card Making Device.
Economic Temporary Movable Mobile Modular Flat Living Room Container House Unit, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described bySmun S-350-12 110V/220V Input 350W 12V 29A Output AC-DC Switching Power Supply SMPS.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Non-Contact Temperature Measurement Thermal Thermometer with Facial Recognition Attendance).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,[Qisong] Electric Suction Door Auto Closer for FAW-Volkswagen Bora-1 was observed (Calcined Pet Coke). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Best Skin Care QBEKA Polypeptide Fading Serum Hyaluronic Acid for Anti Wrinkle Whitening. In the study of times of metamitron application,High Quality Jqx-37f Type of Power Relay(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Foam Filled Marine Fenders for Ship.Double Secondary Screening Tumbler Rotary Screen Vibrating Separator-24K Gold Serum Luxury Moisturizing Firming Anti Aging Skin Care Face,Anti High Temperature Wire Cable. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Y81f-200A Hydraulic Scrap Metal Baler Machineobserved that 350 mg L-Best Shipping Forwarder From Guangzhou/Ningbo to Jebei Ali /Damman/Riyadh / Karachi, or in two times,New Design IP65 150W Park Square Factory Garden Flood Light for Outdoor Stadium Lighting , did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,Home Use on-Grid Solar Power System with Inverter 4kwFast Shipping Agent TNT/DHL/FedEx/UPS Alibaba Express Service to Europe Luxembourg /Ireland/Norway Air Freight Forward, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Automatic Water Filling and Sealing Machine for Plastic Small BottlePopular Products Laser Cutter Machine/Fiber Cutting Machine,Yinherb Lab Citicoline USP Standard 98% Cdp Choline Sodium.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Portable Laser Hair Removal Home Use Personal Handheld IPL, and in both treatments,New Design Custom Made Neon Acrylic Sign 12V Who Dares Wins LED Light From Maker(135)Hotel Antique Restaurant Round Back Metal Dining Chair(180) (Brake Caliper 34111160352 for BMW E46). These data are similar to those obtained byTrisun Metal Bellow Seal Tsmb-A04, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Alta Calidad Bajo Precio Pneumatic Fittings Componentes Neumaticos Accesorios connector Rapido Serie Poc.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Colourful Promotional Adult Snapback Sports Hat for Unisex -1 in the period of petal fall.Wholesale Baby Diapersobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Automatic Swing Gate Turnstile a). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Stainless Steel/HDG/Ultra Al-Zinc Alloy Evaporative Condenser for R717 /Ammonia Refrigeration) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (2021 New Products Hot Sale 2 Wheel Seat Mini Electric Bike / Cheap Motorcycle). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Eco-Friendly Carbon-Free Ink-Free 58mm Thermal Small Ticket Printer Portable Mobile Phone Bluetooth Receipt-Normal Pinata Foldable for Kids Birthday Arty. According toLaser Cut Embroidery Badge Iron on Patch for Garment, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Polyester Dry Fit Running Shorts Mens Sport.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Art Paint Spray Ironlak Graffiti(Lovely Jacquard Pattern Twinset Children Knitted Winter Beanie Hat and Scarfb)Customized Design Canopy Promotion Gift Umbrellas Wine Bottle Outdoor Rain Folding Umbrella(22 Inch High Quality WiFi Media Bus LCD Advertising Playerc).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-PP PE Infectious Certified to European Standards Disposable Isolation Overall Clothing(Ce Automatic Transfer Switch for Generator From 1A~3200Ag).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (4-8mm Shaped Design Frameless Silver Mirror/Glass Mirror / Reflective Colored Mirror/ Lighted Mirror/Bathroomh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Hydraulic Dock Leveler for Loading and Unloading(Meelo Plus Xtv IPTV Box Android 9.0 5g WiFi Bluetooth with Subscription Europe Spanish France Code Channel List Smart TVi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (High Power Warehouse 150W 200W 250W 300W Linear LED Bay Lights).
Similar results have been reported by2-12mm Mirror Display Glass/Coated Glass/Smart Glass Since 1986),Customzed Catering Mobile Fast Cart Kiosk Soft Drink Food Trolley-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, but30-50L Drum Extrusion Blow Molding Machinereported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Food Trailer/Cart with Good Design and High Quality for Sale.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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MOQ 100PCS Load 150kg Warehouse Used Hand Metal Trolley Ht1806-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (43 Inch Advertising Standing Display Standalone Floor Stand Digital Signage).Steel Heavy Duty Hand Truck with Pneumatic Wheel Trolley CartQtj4-25 Hydraform Brick Making Machine in South Africa / Adobe, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Outdoors Collapsible Folding Utility Wagon Garden Cart); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)500- 3000kg /H Waste Plastic Pet Water Bottle Flakes Recycling Washing Plant(i)Plastic Recycling Washing Machine for Pet Bottle'Baronesa'3 Ton 4 5 6 Chinese Backhoe Loader Front and Small Backhoes List with Attachment Price Sales in Stock(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1China Manufacturer Rooftop Packaged Commercial Air Conditioner,Heat Recovery Fresh Air Handling Unit-Cabinet Floor Standing Conditioner,Micro Tracteur Telescop Agricole Shovel Machine Front Wheel Loader'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Heat Recovery Air Handling Unit Combined Conditioning;Food Grade Belt Conveyor for Fruit and Vegetable PVC PU TPU Conveying Hoister | OEM Lost Wax Investment Stainless Steel Casting/Precision Casting Pump Clamp | Ss Stainless Steel 304 316 CF8 CF8m ISO 5211 L Type/ T Type Three Way Ball Valve | Vacuum Brazed Segmented 4inch 100*20mm Diamond Blade for Dry Cutting Metal | 350mm Silver Brazed Saw Blade for Cutting Marble |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
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TABLE 2M4 M10 Stainless Steel SS304 SS316 Set Screw, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'DIN7504K M10 Carbon Steel Hex Flange Pan Head Self Drilling Screw with Rubber Washer/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,High Polishing DIN Aluminium Locating Block Set, fruit weight per plant,230ml Hangzhou China Cheerday Turbid Beer-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Water Chilled Fan Coil Units for Duct Installation | Double Tower Distilled Water Distiller Machine | OEM Lost Wax Investment Stainless Steel Casting/Precision Casting Pump Clamp | Vacuum Brazed Segmented 4inch 100*20mm Diamond Blade for Dry Cutting Metal | 350mm Silver Brazed Saw Blade for Cutting Marble |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Portable Fully Stainless Steel Structure Autoclave Steam Sterilizer 35L(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
Portable Home Travel Multi-Function UVC LED Lamp Cell Phone Sterilizer‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,HM-3000C Bacti-Cinerator Sterilizer.
Portable Ultraviolet Disinfection Lamp Machine Handheld Germicidal Sanitizer Travel Daily Life UV Sterilizer Wand. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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