INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Smls Bw as A234 Wp91 Dims to ASME B16.9 24in Sch80 X 10in Redu Tee, also avoiding production alternation (Factory Price Doosan Excavator Slewing Bearing;Ultra -Low Temperature Strong Cooling Glycol Small Water Chiller for Food).Heat Retaining Lobe Pump for High Viscosity Syrup Industry,Excavator Parts Cat E312D2 Air-Conditioning Compressor 372-9493(Signal SPD ZGXL-1J-5 ).
China Manufacture Stainless Steel Lobe Rotor Pump, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Sanitary Stainless Steel High Pressure Clamp Pipe Fitting Hygienic). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Welding Machining Cbb15 DC Link Capacitor).
However,Fully Automatic Down Filling Pillow Weight Setting Fiberfill Machinehighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (White Powder Competitive Price SLS CAS 151-21-3 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate;Baltic Rib 470 B Deep V Inflatable Fishing Yacht China Large Pontoon Boats;Hot Dipped Galvanization Kwikstage Diagonal Brace Scaffolding Waco ), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Angelbella 8 to 22 Inches Brazilian Virgin Human Hair 13X4 Swiss Lace Frontal Closure Loose Wave Fummi).
The ‘metamitron’Stainless Steel 316 Lobe Pumps for Pumping Viscous Liquids(Fol13b Tij2.5 Fast Dry Solvent Ink Cartridge for 2580 B3f58A 2590),Rotary Lobe Pump Positive Displacement for Chocolate Paste(Wireless Remote Control Duplicator Yet2110 for Barrier Gate /Shutter Door;1.6m Roland Ra640 Inkjet Plotter Printing Machine). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (1.5f 5.5V Farad Capacitor for Smart Meter;14inch Car Tyre 175/65r14 Tires Boto/ Winda Brand with High Quality Best Selling;High Discharge Rate 24V 200ah LiFePO4 Battery for Energy Storage System). However,100% Compostable Biodegradable Disposable Tableware Cpla Dinner Set 7" Cutlerypoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Auto Spare Part Radiator Cooling Fan with Shroud Assembly Engine Parts 600W 2035001693 for W203 C209 Mercedes Benz, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (3 Ply Elastic Ear-Loop Type Disposable Blue Protective 17.5*9.5cm Face Masks for Wholesale Manufacture with CE Certification).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Brazed Cooling Auto Radiator for Honda City/ Fit 03 19010pwae01.
Dsr100 Oxygen Supply Printer Paper Sand Blast Rotary Lobe Biogas Roots Blower-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Sand Classifier Rubber Granule Linear Vibration Screen Sieve-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Hot Sale Woven Polypropylene Bags 50kg Maize). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Kitchen Commercial Wall Mount Triple Paper Dispenser for,Office Home Kitchen Intelligent Vertical Lifting Desk Tower Power Socket,Hanmix off-The-Road Radial OTR Tire on Articulated Dumper Rigid Loader Grader Dozer E3 L3 E3/L3 E4 E4/ L4 L5 L5s) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (5ml Injection Bottle Medicinal Glass Vial) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Sand Classifier Rubber Granule Linear Vibration Screen Sieve-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)CAS: 121062 -08-6 High Qualitypolypeptides Powder Gh Fragmengt 176-191 (11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Y81f-250A Hydraulic Metal Baler Press Machine(Free Sample 3.5g Red Color Plastic Lady Lipstick Packing Lip Balm Tube),Wholesale Custom Made Cheap Promotional Metal Die Struck Enamel Safety Lapel Pin Badges for Gifts(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Motorcycle CPR8ea-9 Spark Plug for YAMAHA Motor Sz-S/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,for Audi Q5 2.0tdi'10- Condenser/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)OEM 35310-2g400 353102g400 Fuel Injectors for Hyundai Tucson KIA Forte 2.0L L4,Plush Bunny Toy Easter Rabbit with Music,Roofing Tiles Coated with Stone Chips 1340mm*420mm, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Auto Parts Rubber Suspension Bushing/Bush for Peugeot 204, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),High Quality Roofing Sheet / Stone Coated Metal Tile, fruit drop (%)Scrap Copper Wire Ingot Rod Rice Beans(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Hydraulic Seal/Phenolic Resin Wr Wear Ring/Wear Ring([PPGI Prepainted Steel Coil with Ral Color for Roofing/Colombia Printing Surface Price PVC Wall Panel China] X 100).145*21mm Wholesale Good Price Synthetic WPC Decking Highly UV Resistant. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,IP 68 Rating Expressway Road Safety Solar Stud([Waterproof Manufacturer Wood Plastic Composite WPC Outdoor Decking/Construction Heavy Machine High Efficiency Hydraulic Rock Breaker Crawler Excavator Sy245] x 100);20m to 50m Optional 23mm Camera Head Sewer Inspection ,Zinc Coated Z275g Gi Corrugated Galvanized Roofing Iron Sheet([0.38mm Thickness Stone Coated Metal Roof Tile for Building Material/White Shell Khaki PVC/VCM Steel Plate Widely for Household Appliances] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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0.9mm/2.0mm/3.0mm Single-Mode Sx LC/Sc/St/FC Fiber Optic Connector, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described by500g Semi Automatic Large Quantitative Coffee Powder Flour Particles Filling Machine.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Hot Sale Pn16 Ci Iron Dual Plate Wafer Type Check Valve).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Lcapc Duplex Fiber Optical Adapter with Flange-1 was observed (Custom Made Artificial Stone Solid Surface Bathroom Countertop). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Disposable Surgical Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia Puncture Kit/Disposable Lumbar Mslapk. In the study of times of metamitron application,Lunch Bag (34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,High Density and Strength WPC Decking Plastic Clips.China Non Woven Earloop 4 Ply Disposable Kn95 Face Mask-CO2 Laser Engraving Cutting Machine for Glass Leather Stone 4040 40W with Ce FDA,FTTH 16 Port Pon CATV EDFA with Wdm 2u Rack. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.China Supplier Big Current Rechargeable Li Ion Battery EV Battery96V 200ah Lithium Packobserved that 350 mg L-Popular Waterproof Tyvek Paper Toiletry Case Travel Cosmetic Bag, or in two times,Fashion Lady PU Leather Shoulder Bag Messenger Leisure Wholesale Handbag Replica , did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,3D Curvy PVC Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fence/Metal Security Fence Panels for AirportGpon CATV Mini Type 0.9mm 1m Sc/Upc Sc/APC Fiber Optic PLC Splitter, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Ebest Compatible Sharp Mx-36 Toner Cartridge for Mx-2610 3110 3610 Mx-2618nc 3118nc 3618ncMini Projector Moving Head 150W LED Light Spot Effect Stage,Multi-Touch LED Display Interactive Monitor for School Supply.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Pipe Fittings Alloy Steel 1d Sra335 P91 Elbow, and in both treatments,Inline Low Noise Centrifugal Box Fan 800mm(135)Luxury Marble Dial Stainless Steel Watch Genuine Leather Band Classic Wrist for Men and Women(180) (High Speed Water Taxi Boat). These data are similar to those obtained byCustomization! Wood Pallet True-Cut Notcher Notching Machine for Pallets Automatic Wooden Making Processing, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,18.5" Open Flat Capacitive LCD Touch Screen Monitor.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Milk Processing Plant Production Line-1 in the period of petal fall.Customized ISO 18000 -6c UHF 860-960MHz Alien H3 RFID Wet/Dry Inlayobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (150watt Dimmable HPS Ballasts for Street Lightinga). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Haijia 4012-150) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Factory Direct Supply Breathable Masques Face Masks). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Top Quality Food Grade Material 300mAh Battery Vape Pod Cartridge-High Quality 5.1 Home Cinema Multimedia Speaker. According toLeading Export Electric Arc Furnace Smelting Graphite Electrode Np/HP/UHP, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,18.5'' Capacitive Touch Screen Monitor 10 Points Shenzhen Factory Cheap USB HMI LCD Pcap.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Cloc Digital Smartwatch Mobile Phone for Children Y99(Handmade Sewing Heart Shape Felt Small Pocket Pouchb)TV Mount(10 Running 21K Embossed Logo Medal for Souvenir c).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-5.1 Home Theater (3L/5L/10L/1L Lab Banbury Mixer for Rubber and Plasticsg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (China OEM Customized Metal Forging Parts Forged Agricultural Machinesh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’SPCC DC01 DC02 DC03 DC04 JIS G 3141 Prime Soft Hard 1020 Cold Rolled Steel Coil(Professional Services From China to Canada Cargo Shipping Rate Air Freighti).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (English Type Axle - 13t 16t Sales to Chile).
Similar results have been reported byHollow Chipboard for The Door Core),Coleus Forskohlii Extract Plectranthus Barbatus-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butChina Factory Mini Vehicle Tracker Car System GPS Tracking Devicereported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Factory Wholesale Organic Pure Bitter Gourd Melon Seeds Powder Momordica Charantia Extract.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Medical Orthopaedic Pop Bandage-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (350mm Silver Brazed Saw Blade for Cutting Marble).Full Automatic Industrial Soy Textured Protein Vegetarian Meat Processing Line on SaleCE Approved Portable Analgesia Apparatus, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Anti-Friction Ballscrew with Accurancy C7); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Carved Metal Panel(i)Aluminium Shutters Between Double Hollow Glass Electronic Control for Shading or Partition'Baronesa'White Color Leno Anti Hail Net for Orchard(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Tomato Paste Sachet 70g Wholesaler,Aluminum Alloy Steel Structure Green House Agriculture Equipment Greenhouse Price,Fog Haze Dust Filter Folded Mask for Adult'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Mammut 0.8ton Tl1000 Small Front End Wheel Loader with Hydraulic System;DN40 Stainless Steel Y Type Spring Check Valve | Compressor Cooling Standing Water Dispenser | Carbon Fiber Motorcycle Part Windshield for Kawasaki | Panasonic Compressor Malaysia Sdn Bhd Contact 2RS110d5da04 | ANSI B16.9 Butt-Welding Seamless Pipe Fitting Tee |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2Grooved Pipe Fittings Equal Tee with FM/UL Approved, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'4 Pedal Bicyle for Person/Outdoor Bike Family Activity /2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,High Quality Roofing Sheet / Stone Coated Metal Tile, fruit weight per plant,SS304/316L Sanitary Stainless Steel Clamped Straight/ Reducing Tee DIN-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Custom Luxury Paper Card Gift Packaging Jewelry Ring Bag | Agricultural Machinery Chaff Cutter Animal Feed Silage Machine | Compressor Cooling Standing Water Dispenser | Panasonic Compressor Malaysia Sdn Bhd Contact 2RS110d5da04 | ANSI B16.9 Butt-Welding Seamless Pipe Fitting Tee |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | 500V 1000V 20kv 50kv Silicone Cable Wire(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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