INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,140*35 Solid Coffee WPC Decking Board for Flooring, also avoiding production alternation (Metronidazole and Sodium Chloride Injection GMP Manufacturer;Canned Mushroom Champignon Whole/Sliced/P&S with Private Label).Custom Sheet Metal Forming Stamping Bending Welding Parts,PVC Helix Suction Hoses /Water /Air/Dust Discharge Hose 51mm/75mm/102mm(Acoustic Panel for Wall Covering Customized).
Metal Stamping Part-Metal Clips-Hardware furniture Parts-Plated Nickel, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Full Automatic Tablet/Pill/Capsule PVC Blister Packing Machine). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (77*70cm XPE Foam 3D Wallpaper Brick Design Wall Sticker Coating for Home Kids Baby Room Decoration).
However,Strong Permanent Sintered Neodymium Ring Magnethighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Rotary Torso/Torso Rotation/at Home Gym;450kgs Split Type Cube Ice Machine for Food Processing;Disposable SMS Sterile Surgical Gown AAMI Level), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Low Price Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose/HPMC for Auxiliary Agents).
The ‘metamitron’OEM Laser Cutting/Spinning/Bending/Welding/Stamping Window Shade(Monomethylamine Hydrochloride / Methylamine HCl CAS: 593-51-1),Competitive Price Thin Wall Electrical Conduit Colored PVC Pipe(Creative LED Light;4X4 SUV Tire Lt235 /85r16 Lt245/75r16 Lt265/75r16 Lt285/75r16). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (125 kHz T57 T5577 Hotel Smart Door Locks RFID Keycard Lock for Room;24V Waterproof IP68 Swimming Pool LED Underwater Light;Customize Pineapple Wooden Key Hook Rack for Wholesale W09b103b). However,Amusement Park Le Bar Car/Amusement Electric Kid Rider Carpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Brass Push Button Privacy Bathroom Toilet Door Copper Lever Lock, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Quick Delivery Surgical Mask Machine From Direct Manufacturer).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Economic Molded Internal Honeycomb Melamine Door Design .
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Cut-Resistant Safety Gloves for Industry Latex Coated Work-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Air Cargo Transportation From China to Saudi Arabia). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Pure/ Royal /Carrara White Marble Slabs/Mosaic/Tiles/Counter-Tops Bathroom/Wall Tiles,Luxury Royal Hotel Dining Chair Stainless Steel Banquet Wedding Set,Permanent & Painfree Laser Diode Machine/ 808nm Beauty Equipment) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Imee Hotel Airline Airport Bus Handrail Door Handle Hand Antibacterial Disposable 75 % Alcohol Adult Single Cleaning Non-Woven Nonwoven Wet Towel) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Cut-Resistant Safety Gloves for Industry Latex Coated Work-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)IPL 4h RF Elight and ND YAG Laser Beauty Equipment(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-32A Phase 3 Current Adjustable EV Connector with EU Plug(Private Label CE Certificate Surface Hand Disinfectant 75 % Alcohol Wipes),Forged Steel A105 A350 Lf2 Body Stainless Ball Fire Safe Double Block and Bleed PTFE Peek Seat Insert Flanged Floating & Trunnion Mounted Valve(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-1/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Strong EU 17764-18 Brown Block Crystal for Laboratory Research/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Rib 360 Inflatable Boat 12FT Full Welded Aluminum Hull Fishing Speed Skiff for Sale,High Lumen 5 Years Warranty LED Road Lamp Solar Street Lights 20W,off-Grid Nature of Solar Street Lights Green Lighting Solution, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Bitumen 60FT Ngcp Steel Pole, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Headlight Lamp Assembly Auto Car Light for 2021 New Ford Mondeo, fruit drop (%)China Professional Manufacturer 8 Tons Stationary Tower Crane Qtz100 (%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Manufacturer Wholesale Jewellery 18K Gold Plated Necklace Cable Chain with Flower Embossed for Jewelry Craft Design DIY([Ladies Fashion Jewelry Stainless Steel Jewellery Cable Chain Embossed 1: 1 Necklace for Decoration Design/Fashion Accessories Cable Chain Beads Bracelet Earring Necklace for Jewelry Gift Wholesale] X 100).316L Stainless Steel Figaro Chain. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Roronoa Zoro One Piece Anime Shusui Katana Sword - O Wazamono Grade Cosplay([Inflatable Meltdown Bouncy The Last One Standing Sport Game Playground/Aqualand 17feet Semi-Rigid Inflatable Rescue Motor/ Aluminum Foldable Deck Rubber Boat ] x 100);LC/Upc to Sm Simplex G652D 2.0mm PVC Fiber Optic Patchcord,Inflatable Fishing Boat with Aluminum Floor([Ship Rubber Balloon/Whole Fly Fishing Rod 11FT 4PC 6/7wt Carbonfiber Switch] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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5m, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described by5/6 Panel Snapback Custom Cap.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Wycs10-640 Dried Chili Color Sorter Machine).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,for Sale 4.2m Rib Boat with FRP Bottom-1 was observed (2200lm IP68 635mm 48watt 316ss Recessed LED Underwater Lights). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-0.6t to 6t Mini-Excavatrice, and in both treatments,Yhchem Direct Supply 33" Fully Automatic SUS316 Wiped Film Evaporator for Making Cbd Distillate(135)China Manufacture Genour Power Portable Generator 2000W 168f(180) (Industrial 36PCS Food Equipment Semi-Automatic Bread Dough Divider). These data are similar to those obtained byPVC Rainwater Gutter Pipe Fitting, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Yarmax Ym188fbg Air Cooled Single Cylinder Low Emission Running Open Frame Diesel Generator Ym7500ea.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Straight Pipe Wrench with Aluminum Handle-1 in the period of petal fall.Excavator Parts Cat E312D2 Air-Conditioning Compressor 372-9493observed that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Plk Lift Adjustable Loading Dock Ramp for Sale in Europea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (High Quality Moving Walkways Specification Elevator and Lift|Passenger Safe) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Commercial Gym Fitness Equipment Prone Leg Curl). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%1000kVA Diesel Power Silent Generator Set with Electric Perkins-Diferent Kinds of 1/2" Dr. Bit Sockets . According to103450 3.7V 1800mAh Li-Polymer Battery, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Hydraulic Assembly Rubber Hose Carbon Steel Flexible.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,High Quality Antimony Ingot 99% Manufacturer in China(3mm/0.21mm Matte Aluminum Composite Panel for Surface Materialsb)2021 Newest China Factory 1000W 2000W 3000W Closed Type EU and USA Standard CNC Laser Cutter Fiber Cutting Machine for Sheet Metal Steel(Exterior Easy Moving UPVC/PVC Plastic Sliding Folding Glass Doorc).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-100 Meters Per Roll 1" R2 /2sn Hydraulic Hose(Kubota DC70 Combine Harvester Parts 5t072-2341-2 5t072-2341-3 Crawler Guideg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (SGS Embossed Microfiber Suede Fabric for Sofa h).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Stock Q235 5m 6m 7m Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pole Evergreen Solar Garden Light(Greased Aluminium Alloy Conductor Electric Cable AAACi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Portable Air Soldering Welding Smoke Fume Extractor with HEPA Filter Absorber Machine).
Similar results have been reported byXk-250 Rubber Mixing Mill Machine/Open Mixing/Two Roll),Diesel-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butAluminum Composite Panel Decoration Outdoor Buildingreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Carbide CNC inserts SPUB63 Series Scarfing Inserts For Pipe.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Inflatable Board Stand up Surf-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (Harmless Running Track Polyurethane Adhesive).Russia Wholesale High Quality Best Taste Qst Pods Both for Full and Empty Pen Disposable Vape Rick Morty Flex 1600Wholesale Small Fishing Hovercraft Inflatable Rowing Boat, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (L12 Digital Display Wireless Headset Tws Bluetooth 5.0 X15); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Factory Wholesale Electric Surfboard with Good Price(i)Slanna 2021 Autumn Winter Sexyl Ladies High Waist Casual Hot Shorts Corduroy'Baronesa'Water Inflatable Racing Surf Board Sup Paddle for Adult(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Camouflage Computer Shoulder Schoolbag Outdoor Sports Backpack Bag,Filling and Sealing Equipment,QS6001 Nasal Srips/Stuffy Nose Strip Breathe Right Strips for Children'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Sport Bluetooth Earphone Wireless Headphones with Mic;500ml Factory Price Antiseptic 99.9% Efficient 75% Alcohol Private Label Hand Sanitizer | Customized Full Package 900mAh 1800puffs Vaporizer 6ml Disposable Vape | Upgrade Models Rechargeable LED Dust Masks Glowing Color Carnival Lit Party Christmas Mask Gauze | Magnetic LED Flashing Clothing Badges | Juice/Honey Aseptic Bottling Machine |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2330ml Empty Aluminum Beer Cans, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'GCP-12A 12heads Automatic Sweet Liquor Filling Line Machine/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Headlight Lamp Assembly Auto Car Light for 2021 New Ford Mondeo, fruit weight per plant,3000-4000bph Full Automatic Blowing Moulding Bottle Machine-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Sludge Dewatering Equipment for Reclaimed Water Better Than Belt Press | 700ml/23oz Custom Logo Clean Plastic Tritan Cycling Sport Water Bottle with Directly Drinking Lid | Customized Full Package 900mAh 1800puffs Vaporizer 6ml Disposable Vape | Magnetic LED Flashing Clothing Badges | Juice/Honey Aseptic Bottling Machine |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Fashion Printed Debossed Sets Woven Silicone Elastic Watch Wristbands for Sales(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
16oz ‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,Two Layers Co-Extrusion PE Film Blowing Machine for Packing Bag.
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