INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Custom Design Gold Plating Zinc Alloy Metal 3D Airplane Badge, also avoiding production alternation (Carbide CNC inserts SPUB63 Series Scarfing Inserts For Pipe;50mm Thick Square Double Glass Window).Personal Design Iron Stamped Soft Enamel Metal Pin Badge with Gold Plating Custom Branded Nickle Plated Badges ,China Wholesale Cheap Custom Offset Printed Flexible Retractable Tool Safety with Badge Reel(High Quality Automatic Wheat Flour Milling Machine).
Promotional Zinc Alloy Metal Medal government Badge Lapel Pin , fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Food Ingredient Potassium Sorbate Granule for Baking). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (200tph Andesite Crushing and Screening Quarry Plant Line).
However,Precision Glass Micro Bore Tubinghighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Top Quality Rename GPS Version Tws Wireless 1: 1 for Aipods PRO 3 Earphones Headphones Earbuds;PVC Window Screws Self Tapping Needle Tip;Hot Air Torch for Bonding Geo Composite Geomembrane), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Level 3A/3/4 Military Security Army Tactical Full Body Armor Suit Bulletproof Vest).
The ‘metamitron’Fashion Plastic Artificial Palm Plants for Decoration Small Tree(Control Arm Bushing for Jeep Grand Cherokee OE # 52090206AG),Unique Furniture(Original M4 Module for Staubli Jacquard;Q35y-40 E21 CNC Servo Hydraulic Ironworker 40mm Metal Sheet Iron Worker). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Antigen Saliva Test Kit ;Epson Original Dx5 Print Head for Inkjet Printers;Hip- Hop Sports Dance Cap with Custom Logo). However,Maple Handscraped Wave HDF Laminated Floorpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,UL5107 High Voltage Temperature Resistance Heating Wire, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (High Quality 16 HDD Security 3u 128chs 4K Network NVR).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Luxury Executive Commercial Leather Office Chair .
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,4K UHD FHD IPTV 8000+ Live 10000+ VOD UK USA Canada Spain Best in Dutch Reseller Panel Xxx M3u Hungary France Portugal Channels List-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (UHP 500graphite Electrodes for Steel Making Mills). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Round 3mm Pink Cubic Zirconia From Wuzhou Factory,N35 Customized Strong Permanent Irregular NdFeB Magnet with Different Shapes,Wood Grain Drop Stitch Material Inflatable Sup Stand up Paddle Board) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Life Size Grey Granite Virgin Mary Holding Baby Jesus Sculpture) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,4K UHD FHD IPTV 8000+ Live 10000+ VOD UK USA Canada Spain Best in Dutch Reseller Panel Xxx M3u Hungary France Portugal Channels List-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Customizable Natural Stone Animal Sculpture for Garden Landscape(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-10 Running 21K Embossed Logo Medal for Souvenir (3X240 1X120 4 Core Aluminum Conductor PVC Power Cable Manufacturer with IEC Standard),Blasting Drilling Rig 115mm for Borehole(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-High precision horizontal metal TCK66A slant bed CNC turning lathe machine/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,American Style Home Living Room Sofa Furniture Hotel Corner Sofas/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Hot Sale Modern Office Furniture Cheap Fabric Ergonomic Chair,Air Tank Water Trap Pressure Switch 480 Compressor for Suspension,Friendly Funny Cat Toys Turntable Balls Rolling Interactive Pet Toy, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Office Custom Furniture Genuine Leather Living Room Sofa Set with Tea Table, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Blue Ear Loop 3 Ply Non-Woven Dust Protective Disposable Medical/Civil Mask for Face, fruit drop (%)Al-Zinc 40-180G/M2 Alu HRC CRC PPGI Gi Gl Coil Pattern PPGL Galvanizned Steel(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,L7e Approved Logistic Delivery Electric Vehicle([China Brand Low Price Family Car Tires 155/80r13 175/70r13 165/70r13 155/70r13 165/ 65r13 155/ Full Sizes PCR/4X4 SUV Tire Lt235 /85r16 Lt245/75r16 Lt265/75r16 Lt285/75r16] X 100).Compasal. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Cak6136c CNC High Precision Gear Lathe([Automatic Divider of Dough Industrial Bread Hydraulic Cutter Machinery/China Dough Maker Pasta Divider and Rounder Processing Machine] x 100);Smart Charging 3 Wheeler EEC Electric Scooter,Hydraulic Breaker Top Type Sb 10([En10327 2004 Customized Hot DIP/Dipped Galvanized Steel Coil Hdgi/Gi in Plain/Flat/ Plate/Strip Film for Roofing Sheet/Ibr/Low Maintenance Cost Cdb Series on Sale Gap Lathe Machine] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Sic Ceramic Foam Filter and Zro2, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byBest Selling MP3 MP4 HiFi Stereo Earphone Mini Earbud .
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Qty6-15c Fully Automatic Concrete Block Making Machine for Sale).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Cartridge Filter Use in Water Treatment-1 was observed (Tire Cutting Machinery/Waste Tyre Shredding Equipment/Rubber Recycling Plant). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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White Rocker Switch RS-102-10c Auto Parts. In the study of times of metamitron application,Pavestone(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,New Multi Function Motorcycle Racing Jacket Motorcross Suits with Aluminum Shoulder Armor 800310.Men Waterproof Ski Jacket Hooded Windproof Fleece Lined Padded Parka-Men's Winter Hooded Cotton- Padded Thickening Vest,Angelbella Soft and Best Full Lace Wig Frontal Closure. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.CNC Hydraulic Sheet Metal Bending Press Brake with Toolingobserved that 350 mg L-Metal Customized Logo Printing Car Shaped USB Thumbdrive Flash Drive, or in two times,DA-6 Diethylaminoethyl Hexanoate 98 % TC, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,High Quality Aluminum Folding Hand TrolleyHybrid Laser Engraving Machine Cutting Lx-Dk6600 Used in Acrylic Products/Logo Signs/Electronics/ Furniture/ Flooring/Advertising Display/Gift, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Real Photo Shine Silky Straight Brazilian Virgin Human Hair WigsDMS-59 Male to Dual 2 DVI 24+5 Female Splitter Extension Cable for Graphics Cards & Monitor,Large-Size Double Screw Extruder in Panko Line.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-in Stock KN95 Masks 5ply Respirator Face Mask, and in both treatments,Sundried Natural Color 24mm Twisted Manila /Sisal Firber Rope Hemp(135)Bonovo Super V Series V61 Bucket Teeth Tooth Tip Nail Adapter Adaptor V61-K for Excavator Digger Trackhoe(180) (Accept Customization Womanity Perfume with Factory Price). These data are similar to those obtained byQuality 72 Inches XPE Surfboard with Reasonable Price , who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,High Quality Fast Delivery in Stock KN95 Mask Anti-Dust Kn 95 Face.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Maize Wheat Cassia Seed Quinoa Gravity Separator Machine-1 in the period of petal fall.Remote Control Retail Shop LED Display Monitor Advertising Signare Screen Option 32/43/55/65"observed that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Non-Woevn Tapes PE Film Disposable Printed Baby Diaper Productsa). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Sport Cap New Hat Baseball Blank Snapback) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (2021 Men's Fashion Shoes Knit Sneakers Casual Sport). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Ht 265 /65r17 PCR Car Tire Competitive Price Top Quality China Tyre Brand-Factory OEM/ODM ABS PP PC POM PMMA Plastic Parts Fast CNC Machining for Various Auto Prototype Sample. According toHigh Quality Custom Made Metal Soft Enamel Police Lapel Pin, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,High Quality Aluminum 2 Wire 3 4 White Black Adjustable LED Indoor Ceiling Track Rail Lamp for Shop.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Natural Marble Anmial Lion for Decoration(Water-Saved Air Bubble Vegetable Fruit Washing Machineb)Free Sample Bamboo Green Blue Clear Essential Oil 30ml Dropper Bottle with Glass Pipette(Jimei Milk Powder Cow Goat Processing Machinec).
Long Sleeve V Neck Back Crystal Beaded Belt Side Split Wedding Dressevaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”Eco-Friendly Gift Band Colorful Silicone Wristand for Christmas Day Bracelet , and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%Right Angle Male to 3.5mm Mono Cable.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Royal Stainless Steel Gold Plated Copper Cutlery Flatware Set(Custom Helping Third Hand Magnifier Tool Soldering Stand with 4X Welding Magnifying Glass LED Adjustable 2 Alligator Clips 360 Degree Rotatingg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (a-010 Men Steel Toe Shoes Fashion Waterproof Safety Bootsh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Wooden/Flower/Brick/Marble Pattern PPGI Steel Coil(Full Speed CE Approved Two Person Electric Citycoco Scooter 2 Seat China Manufactoryi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Professional Indoor Gym Equipment / Seated Leg Press).
Similar results have been reported byFine Dinnerware Tableware Porcelain Sets12PCS Pad Printing for Wholesale with Discount Price),Polinovel 5kwh 48V 100ah Lithium Ion Battery Manufacturers-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butFactory 220kVA Diesel Generator OEM Brand Engine Yc Silent Typereported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,C100/C110 Fender China OEM Quality Motorcycle Spare Parts.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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N-Channel Power Mosfet 500V Irfp450-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (Raw Material PVC Resin Sg5 K66 K67 K65 in Plastic).Erikc Foovc01035 F Oov C01 035 Common Rail Valve 00V Flow Control F00vc01035 for Bosch 0445110113Dog Cute Print Porcelain Barrel Cup with Handle for Drinkware, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (15V800A High Power Regulated Linear Supply); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Tp120-3s 120V 3A Digital Switch Regulated Power Supply for Factory Test Use(i)Agrochemical Hebicide Ametryn 80% Wp'Baronesa'2838 Brushless Electric Motor 40kw Waterproof DC Small Motors(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Creative Wood Grain 304 Stainless Steel Mug Vacuum Water Cup Cute Mini Pot Belly,Outdoor Trolley Active Chargeable Wirreless Bluetooth Speaker,Audio Cables for Use in Speaker and System'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | 2 Gas High End Clinical Anaesthesia Machine ;Factory Sale Hospital 24 Hours Working 2L Oxygen Generator Machine Concentrator | Exterior Easy Moving UPVC/PVC Plastic Sliding Folding Glass Door | High Quality IP44 250V 2pin Schuko Socket Outlet for Industrial Application | Natural Rubber Tubeless Car Tyres Made in Thailand | New Wheels Wholesale Prices Lakesea Brand 4X4 off Road Tires 4WD Muddy Tyres on Snow/Sand/Mud/Rock Light Truck 35X12.5r17lt |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
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TABLE 2IP44 16A 3p+N+E 400V Industrial Surface Mounting Socket Outlet, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Zy-G016 RCA Audio video Cable/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Blue Ear Loop 3 Ply Non-Woven Dust Protective Disposable Medical/Civil Mask for Face, fruit weight per plant,Lakesea 10ply off Road Tyre 4WD 35X12.5r17 37X12.5r16.5 35X12.5r16 35X12.5r15 285/75r16 285/70r17 Extreme Mud China High Quality Aggressive Mt Tire-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Sinoamigo Table Recess Outlets | Professional Factory Manufacturing High-Tech Micro Health Portable Oxygen Generator | Exterior Easy Moving UPVC/PVC Plastic Sliding Folding Glass Door | Natural Rubber Tubeless Car Tyres Made in Thailand | New Wheels Wholesale Prices Lakesea Brand 4X4 off Road Tires 4WD Muddy Tyres on Snow/Sand/Mud/Rock Light Truck 35X12.5r17lt |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Sulfur Black for Cotton Dyes(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
Supreme Quality Sulphur Black for Textile Dyes‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,10L PET Bottle Blowing Machine.
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