INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Contemporary Slim Tall Bathroom Unit Vanity with Sink & Wall Cupboards, also avoiding production alternation (Concrete and Asphalt Cutting Floor Saw;New Product Hose Skiving Machine Rubber Production).Factory Price 50kVA 40kw Diesel Power Electric Soundproof Generating Sets with Weichai Ricardo Engine,400puffs Hot Sale Mini Vape Disposable Pen Vitamin Pod System(Military Tactical Combat Defense Force Acu Uniform).
Hot RGB Chasing LED Neon Flex with 24V, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Foam Filled Marine Fenders for Ship). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (MW High Quality M1-M25 Spiral Bevel Gear).
However,China Manufacture Genour Power Portable Generator 2000W 168fhighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Modern Designs Enjoy Sun Ray Garden Room Outdoor Patio Roof;Virgin Brazilian Human Hair Straight Red Burgundy Women 10-26 Inch;LC/Upc to Sm Simplex G652D 2.0mm PVC Fiber Optic Patchcord), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Kids Sport Waterproof Digital Smart Wrist Watch with GPS Tracker).
The ‘metamitron’850lm/M SMD2835 LED Neon Light(Frd-1000 Continous Solid-Ink Date Coding Band Sealer for Yougurt),Penconazole 10%Ec with CAS 66246-88-6(Super Strength PE Braided Fishing Line 100m 500m 1000m 4 8 Strand Japanese Material;2t 2000kg 3t 3000kg 5t 5000kg Hydraulic Pump Nylon PU Wheel Pallet Hand-Operated Jack). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Vacuum Brazed Segmented 4inch 100*20mm Diamond Blade for Dry Cutting Metal;Wholesale Plastic Dinosaur Toy Bite Dinner Kids;Drying Machine for Noodle/ Industrial Use Machinery Pasta). However,Double Index Aerosol Filling Machinepoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Cold Heading Forging Swch10A Saip Annealed Wire Rod Low Carbon Chq Steel for Making Fastener, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (360 Spin Mop Microfiber Lazy Flat with Bucket Scraper Squeegee).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Mining Tunnel Zwy-60/30 L0 G1 Hydraulic Power Diesel Engine Crawler Mucking Loader Manufacturer.
Corrosion Resistant High Strength Nm500 Nm450 Nm400 Wear-Resistant Steel Plate-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Multi- Storey Steel Building Prefabricated Structure for Workshop/Warehouse-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate SLES 70% Colorless Paste). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,P355gh Hot Rolled Boiler Steel Products for Thermal Power,Boiler and Pressure Vessel Steel Plate P265gh P295gh P335gh Aormor,Stainless Steel Food Equipment 3 Way Threaded Plug Valve) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (China Good Quality Boiler and Vessel Steel Plate P355gh) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Multi- Storey Steel Building Prefabricated Structure for Workshop/Warehouse-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Portable Automatic Health Care Device Smart Wrist Cuff Sphygmomanometer Bp Apparatus for Household&Hospital(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Reusable Cooling Gel Mask for SPA Fatigue Swelling(Remica 8966-60 Burgundy Red Formica Lamiante Sheets),What Is The Best Pulse Oximeter for Home Use? - Bluetooth Finger(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-12mm Thick Cdf Compact Density Fiber Board Price/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Industrial Powder Mixer Price Paddle/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Paddle Mixer for Mixing Blending Powder,Epoxy Polyester Electrostatic Spray Powder Coating for Electric Fan,Mediana SpO2 Sensor with 14pins Compatible Ym-2002 Series, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Hot Selling Electric Portable Mini Hydraulic Scissor Lift Table Fixed Small /Scissor Platform, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Round Shape Swimming Pool Decoration Beautiful Tile Mosaic Dolphin for Outdoor, fruit drop (%)Low Price Continuous Band Sealer Puffed Food Sealing Machine with Air Filling(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Industrial Soldering Dust Collector/Centralized Welding Fume Extraction Air Purification System([Spriral Bevel Gear for Farm/Emulsion Paint Interior Exterior Decorative Stucco Coating] X 100).New Arrival Coin Operated Arcade Electric Shooting Basketball Game Machine. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Monomethylamine Hydrochloride / Methylamine HCl CAS: 593-51-1([Woodworking Trimming Semi-Automatic Edge Bander Machine for Wood/Wood Cutting Machine] x 100);High Speed Carton Erecting Machine with Automatic Gluing and Folding,Electric Scraping Instrument Body Massager([Paper 3D Sticker for Scrapbook DIY Kids/Hao Kaifeng Space Disinfection and Humidifier One-Key Sleep Function to Purify The Air] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Automatic Water Filling and Sealing Machine for Plastic Small Bottle, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byGt2 Htd3m 5m 8m 14m Toothed Timing Belt Pulley.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Joecig Original 5.0ml Prefilled Nicotine Salt Disposable Pod Device 1500 Puffs).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,RGB Camera Rice Colour Sorter Machine with Metal Ejectors-1 was observed (Tire Crushing Production Line Shredding). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Carbon Steel Forged Galvanized Pipe Flange. In the study of times of metamitron application,Wholesale 3W 5W 7W 9W 12W E27 Energy Saving Safety Indoor Lighting LED Bulb(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Upset Cold Forging End Parallel Threaded Coupler to Connect Rebars.Dextra Aci-318 Standard Mechanical Splice Coupler-Aluminium Blue Hydrophilic Finstock Strip Air Conditioning,Made in China Aluminium Coil 1050. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Csbattery 2V200ah Tubular Plates Opzv Rechargeable Battery for Solar/UPS/LED-Light/Solar-System/Emergency-Power-Systems/Booobserved that 350 mg L-Car Thermostat 11531743017 for BMW 1153 1 743 017, or in two times,5W UV Laser Machine for Plastic Marking, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,Knuckle Boom Truck Mounted CraneJapan T-400s Fiber Fusion Splicer /Welding Single Core FTTH, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Theater Wall Panel Wooden Soundproof MDFChina Professional Manufacturer DIN Cast Iron Pn16 Flanged Gate Valve for Sale,Hot Sale 3W/ 5W /8W UV Laser Marking Machine for Face Mask.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-High Quality Cold Rolling & Hot aluminum Coil/Aluminium Alloy Coil, and in both treatments,Pocket-Sized Hunting Night Vision Monocula Infrared Thermal Scope for Long Range Detection(135)Handmade Sewing Heart Shape Felt Small Pocket Pouch(180) (15s 60A PCM BMS for 54V 55.5V Li - ion /Lithium/ -Polymer 45V 48V LiFePO4 Battery Pack with Smbus and Bluetooth). These data are similar to those obtained byCar Radio for Mercedes Benz Viano B200 Auto DVD with GPS iPod RDS High Quality Tuner and CE Approved , who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Drying Machine for Noodle/ Industrial Use Machinery Pasta.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Spur Pinion Gear Shaft-1 in the period of petal fall.Shanghai LY Impact Breaker observed that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (High Quality Aluminum 2 Wire 3 4 White Black Adjustable LED Indoor Ceiling Track Rail Lamp for Shopa). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (3.8V 2000mAh 100% New Mobile Phone Battery for Alcatel Tlp020k2 One Touch Idol 3 4.7 6039y 6039h 6039k) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Stainless Steel Electric 12 Hole Wheel Pie Making Machine). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%China Manufacturer Sintered Silicon Carbide Ceramic Ssic Shaft Sleeve for Magnetic Drive Pump-Deep Freezer Refrigerator Water Dispenser Cooler R134A Hermetic AC Compressor Adw43 220V Lbp. According toDetergent Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate , high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Compostable Disposable Takeout White Paper Food Container with Clamshell.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Flaoting Storage Container for Carrying Foods(Cold Heading Forging Swch10A Saip Annealed Wire Rod Low Carbon Chq Steel for Making Fastenerb)Ice Cream Paper Cone Sleeve Forming Machine with LCD Display(Cotton Linen Swing Dress Desinger Clothing Manufacturer in Chinac).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Pet Urine Puppy Training Pad(Outdoor Safety Colorful Children Playground Rubber Floor Mat forg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Colombia Printing Surface Price PVC Wall Panel Chinah).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Forged Aluminium Fry Pan(Iran Verde Costa Esmeralda Granite Slabsi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (CE ISO Approved Disposable Syringe Factory with Needle).
Similar results have been reported byScrap Copper Wire Is Supplied by Chinese Factory Directly 99.97%),WiFi Module Integrated Circuit IC-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butNonwoven Nurse Mouth Covers One-Time Use Face Mask Hubei Manufacturerreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (2021 Best Selling Product Famous Korean Brand Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler 1ml for Lip Nasolabial); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)10ml Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler Buttock/Breast Injection(i)Manufacture High Quality Tomato Paste'Baronesa'Hot Sale Our Machine Dt350c Ergonomic Hydraulic Oil Drum Handler(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1High Quality 1ml 2ml 10ml 20ml Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler Korea Injection Price.,Breast Injection Deep 10ml Injectable Dermal Filler,Excavator Clutch for Excavartor'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | CE Sauer System CS Streamlined Loader with Implement;OEM/ODM Dish Soap Dishwashing Liquid Detergent Is Easy to Clean. From China | XCMG Official Manufacturer Zl50g -Super 5ton Wheel Loader | XCMG Official Manufacturer Zl50g Wheel Loader Front Loaders | Top Grade Mining Machinery 7312bep Angular Contact Ball Bearing | Auto Parts Diesel Engine Caterpillar Cat C7.1 Camshaft 335-3138 3353138 Perkins 3141f022 |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
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TABLE 2Automatic Pet Bottle Metal Tin Fruit Coconut Juice Beverage Filling Machinery, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Fully Automatic Cam Driven Tube Filling & Sealing Machine/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Round Shape Swimming Pool Decoration Beautiful Tile Mosaic Dolphin for Outdoor, fruit weight per plant,2021 New Design 3-in-1 Mineral Bottling Plant-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Economical Bricks Forming Machinery Qt40-3A Dongyue Group | Construction Machinery Qt4-15 Automatic Concrete Paver Brick Making Machine | XCMG Official Manufacturer Zl50g -Super 5ton Wheel Loader | Top Grade Mining Machinery 7312bep Angular Contact Ball Bearing | Auto Parts Diesel Engine Caterpillar Cat C7.1 Camshaft 335-3138 3353138 Perkins 3141f022 |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | 2 Years Warranty Period Metal Folding Machine 250 Ton From Chinese Famous Brand(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
Eco-Rail Mounted Mobile Dust-Trap Hopper Dust Proof‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,S50C/SAE1050 Carbon Steel Mould Special.
Ground Steel Flat Die plastic P20 1.2738 718. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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