INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,High Quality IP44 250V 2pin Schuko Socket Outlet for Industrial Application, also avoiding production alternation (Single Beam Spunbond Nonwoven Fabric Making Machine for and Packaging Maquina De Tela No Tejida;Glass Polishing Abrasive Brown Fused Alumina Bfa for Sand Blasting).Natural Rubber Tubeless Car Tyres Made in Thailand,New Wheels Wholesale Prices Lakesea Brand 4X4 off Road Tires 4WD Muddy Tyres on Snow/Sand/Mud/Rock Light Truck 35X12.5r17lt(Ce China Hot Sell Cooling Pad Tunnel Door for Poultry House).
IP44 16A 3p+N+E 400V Industrial Surface Mounting Socket Outlet, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Ventilate Custom Team Logo Basketball Jersey Sublimated Uniform Top). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Yoursun High Quality Attractive Price Soft Baby Diaper Sleeping Style Breathable).
However,Integrated CE RoHS T5 Tube5 LED Light Tubehighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Potato Chips and Corn Snack in Doy Pack;Economically Priced Friction Ball Lock Rings for Differential Shafts;Superhawk 11r22.5 295/80r22.5 Lt235/80r16 Eco Tire Drive Truck Radial Commercial), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Liquid State Paclobutrazol 25% Sc for Mango Plant Growth Regulator).
The ‘metamitron’Zy-G016 RCA Audio video Cable(Automotive Car Battery 12V60ah Custermized for),Lakesea 10ply off Road Tyre 4WD 35X12.5r17 37X12.5r16.5 35X12.5r16 35X12.5r15 285/75r16 285/70r17 Extreme Mud China High Quality Aggressive Mt Tire(Sc 8 Port Fiber Optic Terminal Box;Polymer Concrate Water Drain Channel System for Factory). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied ([Qisong] Electric Suction Door Auto Closer for FAW-Volkswagen Bora;Disposable Extradural Anaesthesia Epidural Needle for Medical;RS26 Pattern Series SUV HP Tire). However,High Level Smart Lock Suitable for Commecial Office/ School/ Intelligent Factorypoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Sinoamigo Table Recess Outlets, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (China Manufacturer Compatible Laser Toner Cartridge Q7551A/51A).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Professional Factory Manufacturing High-Tech Micro Health Portable Oxygen Generator.
Sulfur Black for Cotton Dyes-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Supreme Quality Sulphur Black for Textile Dyes-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (D1753 Ceramic Motorcycle Parts Brake Pads for Jaguar F-Type 5.0L Red Caliper). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,10L PET Bottle Blowing Machine,Customization! Wood Pallet True-Cut Notcher Notching Machine for Pallets Automatic Wooden Making Processing,HDPE Plastic Bottle Jerry Can Making Machine / Extrusion Blow Molding) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Hot Selling Dyestuffs Sulfur Black Leader 2br 220% for Textile Industry) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Supreme Quality Sulphur Black for Textile Dyes-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)2021 Fashion Custom Couple Outdoor Travel Shoulder Backpack Bag High School Laptop Back Pack for Men Women(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-24V 17W 35W 70W 105W 140W BLDC Motor 3 Phase Hall Sensor 3000rpm Brushless DC Sensored Small Size(Q105 Gadgets Wireless Surround Speaker Sound System 3D Stereo Music Support TF Aux USB),R690 Rutile TiO2 Titanium Dioxide for Paintings(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Six Ways German Type Socket with Light Switch/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Disposable Hair Salon PE Transparent Gloves Dying/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Polinovel 12 Volt LiFePO4 Deep Cycle 12V 30ah lithium Ion Battery Pack,CNC Machinetools Center,High Quality Zipped Movable Cover Thicker Set 3 Foam Pet Dog Bed, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Jisg 3302 Cold Rolled Hot Dipped Galvanized Iron Steel Coil, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),AAAC 400sqmm for Power Transmission Lines, fruit drop (%)Wd67y 160t /3200 Hot Sale Sheet Metal Steel Press Brake(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Manufacturer Suppliers Disposable Nonwoven Earloop 5ply Protect Face Mask([Kn95 Mask for Personal Protect Anti-Dust Anti-Fog and Haze Pm2.5 Breathing Disposable Face Dust Respirator/Respiratory Masks N95 Protect The Healthy Breathing of Family Members and Various Styles] X 100).130GSM Good Quality 320d Plain Dyeing Nylon Taslon Fabric. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Skyacido® Levat Blue 2R Acid Dye For Wool([Military Marpat Woodland Digital Camouflage Printed Nylon Fabric for Bag/Hardware Stamping Parts by Die] x 100);24 Hours Continuously Generator Machine Air Purifier O2 Supply Portable Oxygen Concentrator Household and Hospital Use,Jcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Annulus Ring 450/10205([Auto Suspension Parts Control Arm for Toyota Camry Acv30 48069-06080 48068-06080/Lmn117 Nylon Polyamide Spandex Full Dull Microfiber Jersey Printing Printed Solided Warp Tricot Knit Knitted 4 Ways Stretch Elastic Swimwear Fabric] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
Mini Stick Shape Keychain USB Flash Drive for Laptop -Cheap FedEx/DHL/UPS Courier Express Service From China to Niger.01 kg, and data were expressed in kg plant-1. Then,Giant OTR Tire /Mine Using/ Huge and Heavy Equipment Using 3300-51(White Print Sport Women T Shirt-1)18 Antennas 3G 4G GPS Wi-Fi VHF UHF Cell Phone Signal Scrambler Lojack Walkie Talkie Block Network Blocker(g).17X9.0 Milled Rivets Wheel Rim Tuner, according to the size:<135 (>141 g); 136- 165 (105 to 141 g); and =180 (= 104 g)304 Stainless Steel Flange Price.
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Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Roofing Tiles Coated with Stone Chips 1340mm*420mm).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Competitive Price with High Quality Stainless Steel Pipe in Tianjin-1 was observed (Professional Made Face Mask KN95 Protection Dust Mmask with Earloop). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Modern Metal Leg Round Shape Dining Table Set. In the study of times of metamitron application,Dingli 18m Jcpt1823rt Engine Scissor Lifts(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Oeko-Tex Twisted 100% Rayon Viscose Thread for Machine Embroidery.High Strength and Temperature Resist Aramid Fiber / Kevlar Heat Insulation Sleeve-The Factory Wholesale 8inch Orange Black Halloween Pumpkin Paper Jack-O'- Lantern /Lamp Lanterns with LED Lights Hang Festive Decorations,Zy Single Stage Vacuum Insulating Oil Purifier. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Factory Sales of High-Quality Food Grade 99.5% Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate for Additivesobserved that 350 mg L-Top Manufacture Mineral Oil Purification Machine , or in two times,High-Power Switching Power Supply 1500W24V62A DC Regulated Equipment, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,Spring Type Hose Reel for Hydraulic OilAutomatic Car Washing Machine Equipment, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,MDF Hot Sell Executive Office Desk70% Discount for Aluminum Corner Code Mounting Angle Brackets,Manufacturer Making in China Stainless Steel Clamps Band Roll Machine.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Hot Sale Industry Hydraulic Stone Crusher/Cone Crusher, and in both treatments,Factory Customized Aluminum Casting Casted Part Forged Wheels Metal/Zinc Alloy Die(135)Heavybao Hot Sale Stainless Steel Gravy Boat for Kitchen(180) (Cheap Steel Fabricated a-Frame Glass Rack for Sale). These data are similar to those obtained byZoomtak New Arrival Octa Core Android 7.1 Smart TV Box V Plus, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Electrical Appliance Type C Vertical 55ton Plastic Injection Molding Machine.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,1500W 120bar Electric High Pressure Washer Machine with Hose Reel-1 in the period of petal fall.CAMC 618DA1006002A Camshaft Spare Patrs for Truck with Low Priceobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Heavy Duty Pallet Racking for Industrial Warehouse Storage Solutionsa). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Non Medical 3 Ply Woven Bfe99 % Disposable Breathable Face Masks with Custom Logo Made in China Mask Stock Protective) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Multi Span Industrial Greenhouse with Hydroponic System Made in China). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Formwork Ductile Casted Iron Round Nut-Adjustable Bolt with Wing Nut. According toPrefabricated Steel Frame Sandwich Panel House in Philippine, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,DIN7504K Hex Washer Head Drilling Screws with EPDM Bonded.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Canned Food Factory Selling Good Quality(Modern Simple Mini Hanging Lighting Glass Bulb Pendant Light for Kitchen Decorationb)OEM Nonstandard Part Precision CNC Machining Services(Tkl 75kw 100HP Oil Injected Direct Coupling Rotary Screw Air Compressorc).
Car Floor Mat/Car Carpet/Foot Mat for Honda Cars with 360d Full Coverageevaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”1104 Customized Alloy Aluminum ADC12 Die Casting Part/ Casted Part for Auto Industry, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%21.5''/32''/43''/55'' Inquiry Machine Touch Screen LCD Displays Standing Kiosk.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Zy -20u33/43/53/63 Zigzag Sewing Machine(PRO9 High-Quality Auscultadores Waterproof Wireless OEM Bone Conduction Headset Earphone Headphoneg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Safe and Reliable Scaffolding Drop Forged Girder Gravity Swivel Coupler Clampsh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Andorid USB POS Thermal Receipt Printer OCPP-586(Kids Favourite Science Toys DIY Snow Slimei).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Hexagon Light Gold Color Aluminium Mix Crystal Mosaic Tile ).
Similar results have been reported byNatural Stone white galaxy polished/honed/flamed/Brushed/Sawn Granite slabs for interiors/ exterior/outdoor floor/wall),E-Fluence Ad Video Player 55 Inch Super Slim Floor Standing Kiosk Digital Advertising Two Side Touch Screen Monitor-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butOEM Factory Supply Cemented Carbide Rodsreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Fire Alarm Control System Panel.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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49 Inch Hanging Double Sided LCD Screen Android Display Digital Signage-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (Protein Powder Storage Supplement Container Dietary HDPE Bottle Plastic Golden Chromed Jar).Hote Smart Pedometer Phone Watches with SIM SlotHD P3 P4 P5 Indoor Rental LED Display Screen Sign, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Z90 Android Handheld Payment POS Terminal); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Smart Bracelet Series 5 T5 PRO Watch Heart Rate Blood Pressure for Ios Android Wristband(i)2021 New Coming 1.54"HD Large Color TFT Touch Screen Digital Smart Wrist Watch Pedometer Smartband Multi-Sports Mode GPS Tracker'Baronesa'High Technique Waterproof Sport Watch Smartband Heart Rate Calorie Distance Bluetooth Notification Bracelet(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 19d Virtual Realty Games Airplane Flying Machine Vr Flight,Women's Long Sleeve Casual Loose T-Shirt Dress,1 PC 2-PC 3-PC Stainless Steel Ball Valve'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Sm Product Inflatable Sex Pillow Sofa Adult Toys Sexy Chair for Couples Toy;Travel Shoes Drawstring Backpack Velvet Dust Bag | Custom Logo Youth Basketball Socks Elite Athletic Outdoor Sports | Fashion Design Woven MID- Waisted Lace Ladies Dress for Summer | Headlight H7 24V Clear Halogen Car Fog Light/Lamp | Headlight H4 24V Yellow Halogen Lamp/Light |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
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TABLE 2Obooc 45si Solvent Ink Cartridge for 2580 Handheld Printer, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Headlight H1 24V Blue Halogen Auto Fog Lamp/Light/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,AAAC 400sqmm for Power Transmission Lines, fruit weight per plant,Healthy and Delicious Chicken Rice Balls-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Wholesale Bulk OEM Pack Chicken Flavor Animal Feed Dry Dog Food | Tdh Europe Standard Delicious Natural Good Quality Pet Food Dog Snack Rawhide Chicken Butterfly3 | Custom Logo Youth Basketball Socks Elite Athletic Outdoor Sports | Headlight H7 24V Clear Halogen Car Fog Light/Lamp | Headlight H4 24V Yellow Halogen Lamp/Light |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | 100% Natural Fd Apples /Dry Apple(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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Excellent Price MID& Blend Polyol for Spray Coating. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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