INTRODUCTION

In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,China Wheat Grinding Machine Sale in Ethiopia , also avoiding production alternation (^{Beidi High Quality Satisfied Price UPVC Profiles for 70 Series Windows/Doors Ce Certificate ISO9001};^{All Dielectric Self-Supporting ADSS Fiber Optic Cable}).Easy Operation Twin Shaft Paddle Mixing Machine for Building Materials,PP/Aluminium/Stainless Steel Pneumatic (^{49 Inch Hanging Double Sided LCD Screen Android Display Digital Signage}).

Relay Test Kits Six Phase/ Three Protective Equipment/ Lab Equipment, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (^{in Stock KN95 Masks 5ply Respirator Face Mask}). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (^{Fbe 3lpe 3PE 2PE Anti-Corrosion Coating Carbon Steel Elbow Pipe Fitting}).

However,^{Standalone RFID Access Control for Single Door and Security}highlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.

Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (^{Manufacturers 100 Watt LED Street Light 1000 Motion Sensor Solar};^{Fashion Jewelry 925 Sterling Silver or Brass Diamond Pendant for Sale};^{Ceramic Fiber Insulation Blanket 1400c for Forges}), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (^{Compatible Ink Cartridge for Brother LC51}).

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Prefabricated House for Labour Camp Dormitory-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).

In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,China Factory Children's Flat Sandals Color Matching-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (^{Leisound 12 Inch High Density Rechargeable Battery Powered Speaker}). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Modern Garden Waterproof Custom Bioclimatic Aluminium Pergola,Wholesale Exposed Toe Suede Hollow Sling Cross Straps Wzipper The New Sandals,The Mose Comfortable Designer Shoes) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (High Quality Electric Aluminum Roller Shutter with Different Colors) were compared.

In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,China Factory Children's Flat Sandals Color Matching-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Wedge Heel Lady Sandal Shoes(11/11/2013) .

In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Foam Filled Aluminum Rolling Shutter for Windows(Farm Machines Rotary Cultivator Stone Buries),White Color Plastic French Casement Window Ropo1563(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Solid Pine Wood 3 Tier Bunk Bed/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,American Style UPVC/PVC Profile Plastic Sliding Window with Grill/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.

The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).

In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Top Quality UPVC Plastic Tilt and Turn Window Made in China,2 Bedrooms Prefabricated Houses Modern Cheap Prefab Homes for Sale,2021 Women Buckle Rhinestone Sandals Diamond Summer Chunky Heels, thinners were applied.

Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)50mm Thick Square Double Glass Window, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.

To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Passenger Waiting Bus Shelter Advertising Stop Sign, fruit drop (%)LED Static Light Box Shelter Bus Stand(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,New Arrival Multi-Layer Prefabricated Light Steel Structure Dormitory([Wood Aluminum Glass Sunroom / Sun Room/ Winter Garden/ Conservatory/1200 Ton Auto Parts Metal Stamping Hydraulic Deep Drawing Press] X 100).Medium-Duty Multi-Purpose Live Center D433-Ms3. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Automatic Alloy Wheel Rim Repair CNC Lathe Machine ([Safe - LDPE Granules / High Quality Recycled Black Pellets/Small Lab Mineral Grinding Pulverizer Micron Powder Planetary Ball Mill] x 100);Mining Mill Machine Ball Rod Grinding,Hot Wet Pan Mill in Mine Gold Grinding Mills for Sale([EDM die sinking machine 350/Competitive Price CNC Spark Erosion Die Sinking EDM Machine Znc540] x 100), expressed as a percentage.

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Wholesale 5V 3AMP 15W Adapter Power with Interchangeable Plug Miro or Type C Jack, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described by^{Luxury Stone Bolivia Blue Granite Slabs for Wall}.

Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.

Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (^{High Quality China Dinner Set Porcelain Tableware Plate Bowl for Daily Use}).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,HDPE 100ml Spray Bottle Plastic-1 was observed (Greenpedel 36V 250W 350W Brushless Geared Ebike Motor for Bicycle). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.

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3 Axles 40FT Container Used Flatbed Semi Trailer. In the study of times of metamitron application,Gloves Exammination Protective Plastic Film Transparent Good Quality Clean(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Chinese Sublistar DTG Printer for T-Shirt Printing.Good Quality Factory Directly CNC Router 6090 for Wood Cutting-60W LED Moving Head Stage Light for Night Club,Ladies' Fox Fur Coat . Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.^{Tendrillar Page}observed that 350 mg L-Disposable Medical Cotton Bud with Plastic Stick, or in two times,Ck46p 3-Axis Slant Bed CNC Turning Center Metal Cutting Lathe, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,^{Custom Luxury Paper Card Gift Packaging Jewelry Ring Bag}SMD LED 5050 Epistar 3 Chips Amber/Gold Yellow, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,^{Electric Hydraulic Grab Bucket for Scrap}Pfe-600L Chicken Pressure Fryer ,Pressure Chicken Frying Machine.

There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-China Airline Disposable Slipper Toothbrush Hotel Amenities Supply, and in both treatments,Hot Air Torch for Bonding Geo Composite Geomembrane(135)100 PCS or 200 in 1 Swab Natural Bamboo Cotton Buds(180) (15*200mm Red Plain Glass Mosaic Borders). These data are similar to those obtained by^{Kitchen Equipment Stainless Steel Single Gas Deck Oven}, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Titan eyeglass frame for men metal eyewear glasses.

The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,New Model Cheap PC Frame China Wholesale Optical Eyeglasses-1 in the period of petal fall.^{9d Vr Skydiving Simulatorcar Racing Game Machinemall Amusement}observed that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.

Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (NPN / PNP TCA Proximity Sensor Square with Cea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (^{35L Medical Oxygen Breathing Bag} ) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (^{Durable Affordable Soak Proof Microwavable Heat Resistant Beige Biodegradable Bowls and Plates}). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Industrial Bacon Metal Slicer Small Slicing Machine for Sale-Electric Beaf Slicer Fresh Meat Slicing Machine. According to^{Cheap PVC Waterproof Home Decoration 3D Wallpaper Stone}, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,House Outdoor Project Colorful Hollow/Solid WPC Decking From China.

With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Most Favorable Staff Portable Executive Fixed MID- Back Leather Office Chair(China Eltrical Hose Crimping Machine 2inch to Malaysiab)China Manufacture Top Forestry Machinery 10ton Wood Log Grapple Loader with Crane(Sale Dark Green Silk Screen Printing Spray Electroplating Deep Processing Glass Wine Bottle Bakedc).

^{1000bar Ship Hull Cleaning High Pressure Water Jetting Equipment}evaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”USA Modern Adjustable Comfortable MID Back Rolling Home Office Chair with Low Price High Quality, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%Power Tools Rock Demolition Concrete Hydraulic Hammer Breaker for Excavator Attachment.

The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Excavator Attachments Open/Top Type Hydraulic Hammer Breaker with Chisel Tool 140mm(Professional Customized Auto Rubber Dust Cover Bootg).

On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Roof Ventilation Ridge Ventilatorh).

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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’OEM Laser Cutting/Spinning/Bending/Welding/Stamping Window Shade(Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose PAC/ CMC Powders for Oil Drilling in Chinai).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Healthy Hand Clean Self Check HCG Cassette Test Kit Device).

Similar results have been reported by^{Sunpal All in One 30wp 40wp 60wp Solar LED Light}),Competitive Price Thin Wall Electrical Conduit Colored PVC Pipe-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, but^{OEM Auto Metal Stamping Sheet Part}reported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.

In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.

In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Brass Push Button Privacy Bathroom Toilet Door Copper Lever Lock.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.

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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (32A Phase 3 Current Adjustable EV Connector with EU Plug); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Private Label CE Certificate Surface Hand Disinfectant 75 % Alcohol Wipes(i)Forged Steel A105 A350 Lf2 Body Stainless Ball Fire Safe Double Block and Bleed PTFE Peek Seat Insert Flanged Floating & Trunnion Mounted Valve'Baronesa'1(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.

CONCLUSIONS

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