INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Brass Nipple Plug for Mold Components, also avoiding production alternation (60ml 100ml 150ml 250ml Disposable Medical Conductive Paste;600*600mm White Matt Matte Surface Porcelain Polsihed Rustic Floor Tiles Ceramics From Foshan China).Lotion Bath Cream Pump Material Fine for Plastic Glass Bottle,Vegetable Oil Powder for Milk Replacement(Csbattery 2V3000ah Solar Storage Opzv Battery for Power-Tools/Electric-Power/Lighting/Pumps/Wheel-Chair/Ali).
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However,New Type 2021 Popular Professional Manufacture Highly Quality MCB and RCCBhighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Hitech Famous Magnesia Chrome Brick;Axles Attached Parts;Sofiderm Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler for Cosmetic Surgery Deep 2.0ml with Ce Approval), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Convenient Earloop 3ply Filter Face Shield Mask in Stock).
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Food Contact Float Plastic Foam Liquid Level Detect-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Factory White Earloop 5 Ply Dust KN95 FFP2 Face Mask for Virus Prevention-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Aluminum Alloy Tool Box Lining Instrument Portable Storage Case Suitcase). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,28mm High Quality Hand Trigger Sprayer with Confortable Wrench,Disposable Protective Earloop Type,16PCS Golden Fish Franz Coffee Set Elegant Style ) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (High Definition P5 960*960mm LED Waterproof Display Screen for Outdoor) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Factory White Earloop 5 Ply Dust KN95 FFP2 Face Mask for Virus Prevention-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Natural Bulk Detergent Savon Light Soda Ash for Tie Dye(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-10.1nich Openframe Wall Capacitive Pcap 10points Interactive Self-Service Kiosk VGA-DVI Waterproof Outdoor Computer Touchscreen Monitor Display(LCD Monitor for Game Machine),China Top Brand Annaite Tyres Car R16 225/70r16 Good Price(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Dedi 32inch Rotating Touchscreen Digital Signage LCD Display Advertising Player/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Natural Anti Aging Cbd Isolate Powder More Than 99%/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Large Basic Limit Switch with ENEC/UL/CQC,250cc ATV Shock Absorber Damper,Rechargeable Hearing Aid Mini Invisible Amplifier Cic, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Steel Manual, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),ADSS Opgw Optical Fiber Cable G652D 48cores Fibra Optica, fruit drop (%)Hot Sale PU Plastic Road Speed Bumper Hump(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Fluffy Mink Eyelashes Wholesale Good Vendor with Individual Lashes([28/410 Custom Red Sanitizer Handwash Screw Dispenser Long Nozzle Spray Lotion Pump for Daily/Jgx-4815AA] X 100).Silver Nitrate Indelible Marker Pen with 3G Ink for Election. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,China Lockey Loto 38mm Steel Shackle Safety Padlock with Master Key([Automatic Micro Paddle Type Flow Switch Waterproof Max 1.5MPa Pressure/Steel Wheel 16.00X22.5] x 100);High Refresh Rate 3840Hz P6 P5 Indoor Fixed LED Module Panel,Other Motorcycle Parts Starter Clutch Bearing for YAMAHA Yzfr1([Full Digital Trolley LCD B/W Ultrasound Scanner/HD P3 P4 P5 Indoor Rental LED Display Screen Sign] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Stock Factory 3 Ply Disposable Dust Mask Face Washable).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,IP68 Waterproof Wall Mounted ABS Plastic Remote Control RGB Lighting Pool-1 was observed (High Quality Antimony Ingot 99% Manufacturer in China). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,311 Nm UVB Narrowband Phototherapy for Vitigo Psoriasis-1 in the period of petal fall.3 Phase 4 Core Low Voltage XLPE PVC Insulated Armoured Flexible Electric 0.6/1kv Power Cableobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Pink Granite Rough Finish Kerb Pation Border Stonea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Black Necktie for Zinc Alloy Lapel Pin Clip on Mens Ties) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (HP 130A Color Toner Cartridge for Laserjet PRO Mfp M176n M177fw). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Fuel Dispenser Tatsuno Flow Meter-Mining Machine Spring Cone Crusher for Stone Rock Ore Crushing. According toFactory Newest Switching Power Supply Light Weight DIN Rail AC to DC 45W, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,300mm Flat Steel Cable Drums for Wire.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Spring Type Hose Reel for Hydraulic Oil(IP44 16A 3p+N+E 400V Industrial Surface Mounting Socket Outletb)Opal Engagement Wedding Ring 925 Silver(Supply Custom High Quality Fine Enamel Metal Key Chainc).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-White Granule Refined Sodium Chloride Salt for Coating Solidification(High Frequency Induction Solder Machine Hf-15kwg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Reusable Predo Plastic Backed Baby Diapers Zd07h).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Zero Leakage Chemical Feeding Phosphoric Acid Magnetic Fluorine Lined Pump(Modern Garden Waterproof Custom Bioclimatic Aluminium Pergolai).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Cbf Explosion-Proof Motor Axial Ventilator Fan).
Similar results have been reported byM3/ M4 /M5 Stainless Steel Pan Head Security Self Tapping Screw),DC12V Flow 1200L/H Lift 8m Centrifugal Leakage Proof Amphibious Pump-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butBintangor Veneer Wooden Door Skin Panel 2050X750mm/850mmx2.7mm-5mmreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,China Overhead Combined Square HDG Galvanizing Steel Water Storage Tank Factory.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (12V200ah Rechargeable UPS Battery for Solar Power System); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Csbattery 12V 26ah Deep Cycle Gel Battery for Home-Use-Storage/ Bts -Station/Pumps/Solar/Wind-Power-Station/Power-Inverter/Csb/AAA(i)Csbattery 2V3000ah Solar Storage Opzv Battery for Power-Tools/Electric-Power/Lighting/Pumps/Wheel-Chair/Ali'Baronesa'Marquise Cut Zircon Cluster Drop Wedding Earrings (mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
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Treatments | Factory Newest Switching Power Supply Light Weight DIN Rail AC to DC 45W;Csbattery 12V300ah Deep Cycle Electrical Gel Battery for Bts -Stations/Medical-Equipment/Control-System/Ada | Professional Made Face Mask KN95 Protection Dust Mmask with Earloop | Skin Friendly Non Woven Fabric Valve Niosh N95 Anti Dust Mask | 5 Layer KN95 Disposable Protective Face Mask Air Pollution Anti Smoke Fog Particulate Respirator | Colored Plastic Goggles Face Shield White Anti Fog |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2Disposable Safety Anti- Fog Protection Face Shields, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Inch Round 22W LED Panel Light with CE/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,ADSS Opgw Optical Fiber Cable G652D 48cores Fibra Optica, fruit weight per plant,68 100 120 140 165 166 Adult Love New Cheap TPE Sex Doll Full Body Big Ass Silicone for Man-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | HID Headlight Xenon Kit Bulb D1s D5s Factory Supply | HID Conversion Kits for Car | Professional Made Face Mask KN95 Protection Dust Mmask with Earloop | 5 Layer KN95 Disposable Protective Face Mask Air Pollution Anti Smoke Fog Particulate Respirator | Colored Plastic Goggles Face Shield White Anti Fog |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Pop up Modular Designed Flor Sockets(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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