INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Health Food, also avoiding production alternation (Best Comfort Relaxing Vibrating Massage Cushion;0.5ton 1ton 2ton 5ton Chains Pulling Geared Monorail Travelling Girder Trolley Manual Hand Pull I Beam H).Professional Crumb Rubber Making Machine,Animal Feed Chicken(China Baby Diaper Manufacturers Hot Sold in India Turkey).
Ht-112 Solar Chicken Egg Incubator for Sale Mini, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (China Wholesale High Quality Custom Printed Corrugated Cardboard Box). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Horizontal Centrifugal Fertilizer Granulator).
However,Manufacturer Cheap Price 20000liters 10mt Auto Gas Tank/LPG Storage Tank for Stationhighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (0.6t to 6t Mini-Excavatrice;PRO 36W Nail LED Lamp for UV Light Gel Polish;Wholesale Bulk OEM Pack Chicken Flavor Animal Feed Dry Dog Food), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Space Walking Platform 9d Vr Cinema Equipment Vive HTC Interactive).
The ‘metamitron’Full Nutrtion Mixed Roasted Bean Dried Fruits Snacks Bulk Packing(Sesame Bean Vibration Cleaning and Sorting Machine),Used Original Komatsu PC220 18m Long Boom Excavator(Factory Sale Various Widely Used Moulds for Plastic Toy Plasic Mould Making;Whole Fly Fishing Rod 11FT 4PC 6/7wt Carbonfiber Switch). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (300X600 Rusty Rectangular Floor Tiles Natural Slate Tile;China HOWO 4X2 Right Hand Drive Refuse Compactor Trucks;2021) 3.2V 24000mAh 24ah 32700 LiFePO4 Battery Pack for Solar Lamp). However,Interior Wall Paneling Sound Insulation Fabric Acoustic Panelpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Agriculture Combine Harvester 4lz-5.0z for Wheat /Rice/Soybean/Corn, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (100% Handmade 100g Milk Fragrance Beauty Soap Bar Toilet Face Cream Body Skin Cleansing Whitening).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Soy Bean Curd Sheet.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,100g Healthy Rich in Calcium Crispy Biscuit Milk Salty Soda Cracker-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Shiplap Edge MGO Boards for Floor). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Flour /Milk Powder Packing Machine Vertical Form Fill Seal 1kg Pouch Packaging,Smart Aluminium LED Light Walking Sticks Telescopic FM Sos Flashlight GPS Positioning Cane,Wp16 215/60r15 Chinese Passenger Car Tyres) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Chinese Best Quality Price Car Tire with White Sidewall ) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,100g Healthy Rich in Calcium Crispy Biscuit Milk Salty Soda Cracker-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Fuel Injection Common Rail Injector 0445120054 for Bosch Iveco Eurocargo 504091504 2855491 0 445 120 054(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Aufine 16.00r25 off Road Tyre with High Quality(Aufine OTR 14.00r24 High Qualiy off Road Tire for Truck),Rt -80sm Double End Tube Chamfering Machine for and Bar(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Rt -350nc Metal Circular Saw Cutting Machine for Tube Blade/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Good Wholesale Price for Light Truck Tyre/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Commercial Tyre/TBR/Truck Tire 11r22.5 12r22.5 13r22.5,Wholesale Commercial Electric Bread Baking Wholesale/Commercial Heavy Duty Stainless Steel Oven Gas/Cake Price Bakers Use Rack Ovens,Metal Wire Hanging Shower Caddy , thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Copper Plating Chrome-Plating Metal Wire Bathroom Hanging Shower Caddy, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),High Strength Steel Welding Wire Er100s-G 15kg /D300 Spool, fruit drop (%)Makute Electric Planer 82mm Wood Working Cutting Tools(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Ultra -Low Temperature Strong Cooling Glycol Small Water Chiller for Food([Polyethylene Plastic Composite Road Mat Heavy Duty Construction Matting Oil Field Portable Roads/100% Healthy Baby Playing TPE&EVA Foam Sheet Interlocking Mat] X 100).Industrial Anti-Slip Black Wide Ribbed Rubber Mats Flooring Sheets Mat. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Fabric Reinforced Rubber Matting Cloth Cotton Nylon Insertion Mat([Anti Slip Safety Interlocking Hollow Rubber Floor Mats for Deck/Boat/Outdoor/Kitchen/Molded 3D Mats EVA Car Mat Rubber Floor] x 100);Self Leveling Metallic Epoxy Resin and Hardener for Floor/ Flooring,3mm 4mm Clear Cast Acrylic Glass Sheet Plexiglass in Dining Hall([Wooden Grain Foam Board Mat EVA Interlocking Tiles Puzzle Wood with Borders/Ash Color Lowest Price 8mm Textured Oak Wood Laminate Flooring with White Underlayment] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Customized White Plastic ABS / POM CNC Machining Parts, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byStainless Steel Bowl Cutter Chopper Machine for Meat/Fruit/Vegetable/ Surimi/Cheese/Tofu/Pet Food.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Plastic PVC Flexible Clear Transparent Level Hose Water Pipe).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Long Life Carbide Trenching Tools Cutter Pick Bit Kt C24-1 was observed (9W9015 Casting Bulldozer Ground End Bit). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Pneumatic Type Powder and Liquid Packing Machine. In the study of times of metamitron application,Yidu Chili Crushed 30% Seeds(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Electric Meat Grinder.2021 New Crop Green Chili-Customized Roller Barrel Walnut Sorting Machine ,Electronic Wire. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Alta Calidad Bajo Precio Pneumatic Fittings Componentes Neumaticos Accesorios connector Rapido Serie Pocobserved that 350 mg L-Lutong Small 90HP 4WD Farming Tractor Lt904 for Sale, or in two times,2200lm IP68 635mm 48watt 316ss Recessed LED Underwater Lights, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,SS304/316L Sanitary Stainless Steel Clamped Straight/ Reducing Tee DINFree Shipping Mingxiu Steel Locker Cabinet / 4 Door Metal Closet, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Kynar500 PVDF Coated Aluminum Composite Material for Brazil MarketAluminized Fiberglass Heat Shield Engine Egr Tube Cover,Mini Compact Backhoe Loader 30-25.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Protective Full Clear Anti Virus /Fog/Splash Isolation Face Shield, and in both treatments,Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride CAS 5470-11-1 / HCl in Stock(135)UV Sterilizer Stick Portable Ultraviolet LED Light Disinfection for Clothes(180) (Quality Assured Folding Panel Filter with Outstanding Features). These data are similar to those obtained byHVC-510T/2A-G Hualian New Vacuum Sealer with Gas, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,1.0 Ton Power 60kw Multifunctional Backhoe Loader.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Hot Selling Durable Handscraped Brazilian Cherry Wood Parquet/Brazilian Jatoba Parquet Floor -1 in the period of petal fall.Ce Electrical Automatic 3p 4p 800A Transfer Switchobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Aluminium Tube/ Pipe/ Tube Manufacturinga). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Galvanized Malleable Steel DIN741 Wire Rope Clip) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (UL5335 1.0mm2 1.5mm2 600V 450 Degree Heat Resistant Wire). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%12V 1.4kw Starter for Chevrolet 428000 -0460 12567709 12576163 17880-M9T60371 M009T60371 24V 12T Starter Motor for Renault. According toFactory Customized Bare Copper Electric Wire, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,50% Solid Content Liquid PCE Superplasticizer Cement Additive.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Japan White Disposable Face Mask Elastic Ear Loop 3 Ply Breathable for Anti Dust Virus Pollen(KCMCO- KCT -1280WZ Car Spring Machine&Spiral Forming Machineb)Random Length Smooth Teak Parquetry Flooring (Flour /Milk Powder Packing Machine Vertical Form Fill Seal 1kg Pouch Packagingc).
New Design Brass Kitchen Faucet evaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”900mm Knock Down Storage Cabinet with 2 Shelf, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%LPG Model High Speed Centrifugal Atomizing Food Spray Dryer Machine.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Baifa Power 200kVA 220kVA Korea Doosan Daewoo Diesel Generator Genset Factory(Mobile Phone Battery for Apple 5cg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Energy Saving Waste Tyre Shredding and Recycling Plant Price Tire Businessh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’High Maltose Powder for Confectionery Foods Addtitives(Smart Bracelet Series 5 T5 PRO Watch Heart Rate Blood Pressure for Ios Android Wristbandi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Tianqiu AG1 Alkaline Battery Lr621 Button Cell Dry Pilas AA Boton De Bateria Litio).
Similar results have been reported byForging Axe Bar Shaft Ring),Brass Nipple Plug for Mold Components-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butLeg Extension / Curl Machine Dual Function Gym Equipmentreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Lotion Bath Cream Pump Material Fine for Plastic Glass Bottle.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Food Contact Float Plastic Foam Liquid Level Detect-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (P6 High Definition 1080P Full Color Giant Outdoor LED Advertising Sign).Factory White Earloop 5 Ply Dust KN95 FFP2 Face Mask for Virus PreventionPA System Three-Way Touring Line Array Speaker, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (28mm High Quality Hand Trigger Sprayer with Confortable Wrench); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Disposable Protective Earloop Type(i)16PCS Golden Fish Franz Coffee Set Elegant Style 'Baronesa'High Definition P5 960*960mm LED Waterproof Display Screen for Outdoor(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Natural Bulk Detergent Savon Light Soda Ash for Tie Dye,10.1nich Openframe Wall Capacitive Pcap 10points Interactive Self-Service Kiosk VGA-DVI Waterproof Outdoor Computer Touchscreen Monitor Display,LCD Monitor for Game Machine'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | China Top Brand Annaite Tyres Car R16 225/70r16 Good Price;Dedi 32inch Rotating Touchscreen Digital Signage LCD Display Advertising Player | Natural Anti Aging Cbd Isolate Powder More Than 99% | Large Basic Limit Switch with ENEC/UL/CQC | 250cc ATV Shock Absorber Damper | Rechargeable Hearing Aid Mini Invisible Amplifier Cic |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2Steel Manual, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'ADSS Opgw Optical Fiber Cable G652D 48cores Fibra Optica/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,High Strength Steel Welding Wire Er100s-G 15kg /D300 Spool, fruit weight per plant,Hot Sale PU Plastic Road Speed Bumper Hump-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Fluffy Mink Eyelashes Wholesale Good Vendor with Individual Lashes | 28/410 Custom Red Sanitizer Handwash Screw Dispenser Long Nozzle Spray Lotion Pump for Daily | Natural Anti Aging Cbd Isolate Powder More Than 99% | 250cc ATV Shock Absorber Damper | Rechargeable Hearing Aid Mini Invisible Amplifier Cic |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Jgx-4815AA(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
Silver Nitrate Indelible Marker Pen with 3G Ink for Election‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,China Lockey Loto 38mm Steel Shackle Safety Padlock with Master Key.
Automatic Micro Paddle Type Flow Switch Waterproof Max 1.5MPa Pressure. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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