INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,China Airline Disposable Slipper Toothbrush Hotel Amenities Supply, also avoiding production alternation (OEM Fashion Oversized Field Sleeve Show Plain Fitted Sportswear Football Competition Gym Bike Riding Trekking Tracksuit Fitness Clothing Coat Jacket for Men;Notification Telephone Number Temporary Parking Card).Hot Air Torch for Bonding Geo Composite Geomembrane,100 PCS or 200 in 1 Swab Natural Bamboo Cotton Buds(New Style Prototype LED Window Metal Dome Membrane Keyboard).
Titan eyeglass frame for men metal eyewear glasses, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (The Factory Produces Aerosol Cans for Carrying Air Cleaning Agents). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Flat Pack Prefabricated Building).
However,Factory Disposable Anti Dust Protection 3 Ply Facial Maskhighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Wendyhair Affordable Human Hair Extensions Virgin Brazilian;Sinoamigo Table Recess Outlets;Concrete Bathroom Vanity Wash Basin Rectangular Marble Sink), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (12V 40ah AGM Solar Gel VRLA Battery UPS).
The ‘metamitron’New Model Cheap PC Frame China Wholesale Optical Eyeglasses(Paddle Mixer for Mixing Blending Powder),Industrial Bacon Metal Slicer Small Slicing Machine for Sale(Cards Against Party Card Game;Fashion Jewelry Pink Big Diamond Brooch). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (1000t Kitchen Utensils Deep Drawing Press Machine;Free Sample Cheap Plastic Lapel Pins;Wholesale Custom Cheap Embossed Print Color Silicone Wristband). However,High Pressure Helium Gas Purity 99.999%point out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Electric Beaf Slicer Fresh Meat Slicing Machine, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Milk Powder/Albumen Powder/Coconut Powder Stick Bag Packing Machine).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,House Outdoor Project Colorful Hollow/Solid WPC Decking From China.
Most Favorable Staff Portable Executive Fixed MID- Back Leather Office Chair-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,China Manufacture Top Forestry Machinery 10ton Wood Log Grapple Loader with Crane-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (100kVA/80kw Silent Diesel Generator with Engine and Stamford Alternator). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,USA Modern Adjustable Comfortable MID Back Rolling Home Office Chair with Low Price High Quality,Power Tools Rock Demolition Concrete Hydraulic Hammer Breaker for Excavator Attachment,Excavator Attachments Open/Top Type Hydraulic Hammer Breaker with Chisel Tool 140mm) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (140*35 Solid Coffee WPC Decking Board for Flooring) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,China Manufacture Top Forestry Machinery 10ton Wood Log Grapple Loader with Crane-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Custom Sheet Metal Forming Stamping Bending Welding Parts(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-PVC Helix Suction Hoses /Water /Air/Dust Discharge Hose 51mm/75mm/102mm(Metal Stamping Part-Metal Clips-Hardware furniture Parts-Plated Nickel),OEM Laser Cutting/Spinning/Bending/Welding/Stamping Window Shade(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Competitive Price Thin Wall Electrical Conduit Colored PVC Pipe/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Brass Push Button Privacy Bathroom Toilet Door Copper Lever Lock/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Economic Molded Internal Honeycomb Melamine Door Design ,a-010 Men Steel Toe Shoes Fashion Waterproof Safety Boots,Cut-Resistant Safety Gloves for Industry Latex Coated Work, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Pure/ Royal /Carrara White Marble Slabs/Mosaic/Tiles/Counter-Tops Bathroom/Wall Tiles, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Luxury Royal Hotel Dining Chair Stainless Steel Banquet Wedding Set, fruit drop (%)Permanent & Painfree Laser Diode Machine/ 808nm Beauty Equipment(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Imee Hotel Airline Airport Bus Handrail Door Handle Hand Antibacterial Disposable 75 % Alcohol Adult Single Cleaning Non-Woven Nonwoven Wet Towel([IPL 4h RF Elight and ND YAG Laser Beauty Equipment/32A Phase 3 Current Adjustable EV Connector with EU Plug] X 100).Private Label CE Certificate Surface Hand Disinfectant 75 % Alcohol Wipes. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Forged Steel A105 A350 Lf2 Body Stainless Ball Fire Safe Double Block and Bleed PTFE Peek Seat Insert Flanged Floating & Trunnion Mounted Valve([1/Strong EU 17764-18 Brown Block Crystal for Laboratory Research] x 100);Rib 360 Inflatable Boat 12FT Full Welded Aluminum Hull Fishing Speed Skiff for Sale,High Lumen 5 Years Warranty LED Road Lamp Solar Street Lights 20W([off-Grid Nature of Solar Street Lights Green Lighting Solution/Bitumen 60FT Ngcp Steel Pole] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Inflatable Meltdown Bouncy The Last One Standing Sport Game Playground, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byColored High Elastic Compression Bandages.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (TM-F610 Biometric Facial Access Control System and Fingerprint Time Attendance).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Aqualand 17feet Semi-Rigid Inflatable Rescue Motor/ Aluminum Foldable Deck Rubber Boat -1 was observed (13G PU Coated Work Gloves for Industry). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Baltic Rib 470 B Deep V Inflatable Fishing Yacht China Large Pontoon Boats. In the study of times of metamitron application,Womens Sports Bras Longline Wirefree Padded Fitness Workout Running Yoga Shirts Gym Crop Top(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Mix Color WPC Capped Wood Plastic Composite Decking for Sale.Manufacturer 11m High Q235 Steel Street Lighting Pole-5m,for Sale 4.2m Rib Boat with FRP Bottom. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Dry Red Yunnan Hot Chilli Stemlessobserved that 350 mg L-Custom Made Artificial Stone Solid Surface Bathroom Countertop, or in two times,French 52 in Black Resin Stone Free Standing Corner Bath Tub, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,AC900 Series Drive Single Phase 50/60Hz 220V 45kw 60HP Frequency Converter with Ce ApprovalExporting Japan/Europe/Africa Market 100% Cotton Baby Diapers with Wetness Indicator, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Density 1.85-1.89g/cm3 High Grade Good Coating Inside Different Sizes of Graphite MoldBreathable Disposable Baby Diaper,High Quality Quick Easy Single Reseal Tape for Sanitary Napkin.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Stainless Steel Sanitary Wd Type Manual Welded Butterfly Valve , and in both treatments,Reusable Predo Plastic Backed Baby Diapers Zd07(135)Stainless Steel Hygienic Diversion Conversion Pneumatic Control Reversing Valve(180) (Super White Square Porcelain Tableware with Golden Decal). These data are similar to those obtained by3mm Thick Aluminum 6063 5083 6061 T6 Alloy Sheet, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Aluminum Compact Tactical Weapon Laser Sight Flashlight Outdoor Light.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Gentle with Wings Extra Care Sanitary Napkin-1 in the period of petal fall.Factory Price Kids Indoor Playground Facility in Qingyuanobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Vacuum Packer Machinea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Bix-A1025 Female Pelvis Model with Muscle) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Specialized Fiber Laser Cutter with Nlight Power 2000W for Brass Ce). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%High Quality Motorcycle Spead Part Lever Gn-Stainless Steel Hygienic 3A-7W Equal Tee Long. According toCustomized Modern High Gloss White Paint MDF Board Lacquer Kitchen Cabinets Furnitures, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Sanitary Stainless Steel High Pressure Clamp Pipe Fitting Hygienic.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Motorcycle Parts Clutch Lever Fit for Cg125(1.2m Black UL 2pin T Plug Female Power Cordb)Tactical Hunting 20mm Rails 1X30 Red and Green DOT Sight(High Quality Steel Structural Building Warehousesc).
Good Quality Screwevaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”Tactical Reticle Red DOT Sight for Pistol , and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%Radial TBR Tyre 1000r20 with Bis for India Market.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-R-101 Y R-72 Lamina Trapezoidal Perfil Maquina Profile Machine(High Efficiency Small Jaw Crusher for Sale with Low Priceg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (DIN Standard Factory Price Korean Quality Rechargeable Mf Car Battery 12V 75ahh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Straight Pipe Wrench with Aluminum Handle(55 L Rubber Kneader/Kneader/Kneader Machinei).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Angelbella Brazilian Body Wave 5X5 Closure Natural Color Human Hair Lace Light Brown Swiss 10-24'' Remy).
Similar results have been reported byGw Carbide- 4 Flutes Ball Nose End Mills Blue Nano Coating for Stainless Steel/Harden Steel),1000kVA Diesel Power Silent Generator Set with Electric Perkins-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butAhl Utah Grizzlies Antti Miettinen Kyle Rossiter Hockey Jerseysreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Diferent Kinds of 1/2" Dr. Bit Sockets .9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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7m Lithium Battery Street Lamp Solar LED Light-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (Luxury Personalized Hotel Cosmetic Amenities).3PC Forged Steel Small Size Ball ValveY81f- 160A Turn out Metal Baler Hydraulic Baling Press /Hydraulic Machine Scrap, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (A563 2h High Strength Structural Nuts); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Superwhite Auto Bulbs 194 /T10 12v5w(i)Stock Q235 5m 6m 7m Hot DIP Galvanized Steel Pole Evergreen Solar Garden Light'Baronesa'Diesel(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Carbide CNC inserts SPUB63 Series Scarfing Inserts For Pipe,Oil Fired Marine Steam Boiler,115mm Diamond Concrete Cup Wheel with F Segment'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | South America Market Yellow Plastic Solar Cat Eyes Road Stud;Hlj18 8mm M18 IP67 NPN No Inductive Switching Transducer Proximity Sensor | Top Quality Tungsten Carbide Saw Inserts for Metal Cutting | 2021 PU School Bags Small Mini Double Handbags Connie Fashion Distributors Female Backpack | Inflatable Board Stand up Surf | Russia Wholesale High Quality Best Taste Qst Pods Both for Full and Empty Pen Disposable Vape Rick Morty Flex 1600 |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2L12 Digital Display Wireless Headset Tws Bluetooth 5.0 X15, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'Factory Wholesale Electric Surfboard with Good Price/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Luxury Royal Hotel Dining Chair Stainless Steel Banquet Wedding Set, fruit weight per plant,Slanna 2021 Autumn Winter Sexyl Ladies High Waist Casual Hot Shorts Corduroy-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Water Inflatable Racing Surf Board Sup Paddle for Adult | Camouflage Computer Shoulder Schoolbag Outdoor Sports Backpack Bag | Top Quality Tungsten Carbide Saw Inserts for Metal Cutting | Inflatable Board Stand up Surf | Russia Wholesale High Quality Best Taste Qst Pods Both for Full and Empty Pen Disposable Vape Rick Morty Flex 1600 |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Filling and Sealing Equipment(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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