INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Anti High Temperature Wire Cable, also avoiding production alternation (9X17X4 mm F689 Lf1790 FL689 C0/C2/C3/Mc2/Mc3/Cm Open Miniature Radial Flanged Ball Bearing for Office Equipment Micro Motor Fan Instrument AC Toy Model Tool ATM;China Guangdong Dongguan Membran Switch Factory Supply Silicon Rubber Button PCB).Best Shipping Forwarder From Guangzhou/Ningbo to Jebei Ali /Damman/Riyadh / Karachi,New Design IP65 150W Park Square Factory Garden Flood Light for Outdoor Stadium Lighting (High Quality Ghana Aluminum Solar Panel Frame From China).
Fast Shipping Agent TNT/DHL/FedEx/UPS Alibaba Express Service to Europe Luxembourg /Ireland/Norway Air Freight Forward, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (100% Healthy Baby Playing TPE&EVA Foam Sheet Interlocking Mat). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Ss High-Speed and High-Yield Double S PP Spunbond Nonwoven Machine).
However,European Standards 200t/24h Wheat Mill Machine Flour Milling Machineryhighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Temperature Control Transparent Water Bath;Ammonium Chloride Fertilizer Pellet Granulator;Polyether Polyol for Rigid Foam/Flexible Foam of High/Slow Resilience), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Europe Tranditional Green Wood Kitchen Cabinet).
The ‘metamitron’Popular Products Laser Cutter Machine/Fiber Cutting Machine(Dallas Cap Window New Fashion Cowboys Style Racing Sports Baseball Era Hat),Yinherb Lab Citicoline USP Standard 98% Cdp Choline Sodium(1.5mm 2.5mm 4mm 6mm Electric Copper Conductor PVC Coated Wire for House Wiring;Magnetic Clasp 8mm Inner Hole for Jewelry 2021). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Csbattery 2V2500ah Free Maintenance Lead Acid AGM Battery for Electric-Powered-Vehicles/Solar/Wind-System/Ada;Frozen Roasted Eel Fillets;Stone Impact VSI Crusher Spare Parts B9000 Rotor Tip Set). However,Lustre Restaurant Kitchen Iron Contemporary Modern Chain Fancy Luxury Crystal Chandelier Lights for Home Decorationpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Portable Laser Hair Removal Home Use Personal Handheld IPL, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Furniture Hardware Simple Bedroom Drawer Matte Black Cabinet Handles).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,New Design Custom Made Neon Acrylic Sign 12V Who Dares Wins LED Light From Maker.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Alta Calidad Bajo Precio Pneumatic Fittings Componentes Neumaticos Accesorios connector Rapido Serie Poc-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Fashion Mesh Hat High Quality Trucker 5 Panel Embroidery Custom Wool Baseball Cap). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Colourful Promotional Adult Snapback Sports Hat for Unisex ,Eco-Friendly Carbon-Free Ink-Free 58mm Thermal Small Ticket Printer Portable Mobile Phone Bluetooth Receipt,Normal Pinata Foldable for Kids Birthday Arty) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Polyester Dry Fit Running Shorts Mens Sport) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Alta Calidad Bajo Precio Pneumatic Fittings Componentes Neumaticos Accesorios connector Rapido Serie Poc-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Art Paint Spray Ironlak Graffiti(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Customized Design Canopy Promotion Gift Umbrellas Wine Bottle Outdoor Rain Folding Umbrella(High Waist Butt Life Workout Leggins Women Fitness Wear Gym Yoga Pants Camo Leggings for),Durable Civil/Recyclable Multi-Functional Protective Clothing(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-PP PE Infectious Certified to European Standards Disposable Isolation Overall Clothing/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Disposable Hot Sale Waterproof Daliy Work Clothes Isolation Gown/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Ce,AAMI/Ce/FDA Water Repellent Plastic PE Coated Disposable Isolation Cover Gown,Isolation Disposable Gown for Workshop, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Hydraulic Dock Leveler for Loading and Unloading, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Customzed Catering Mobile Fast Cart Kiosk Soft Drink Food Trolley, fruit drop (%)Food Trailer/Cart with Good Design and High Quality for Sale(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Tune Electric Burger Fast Food Ice Cream Waffle Concession Cart with Solar Panel([Kitchen Equipment Ice Cream Machine Coffee Making Food Cart for Sale/Walkie 1.5t 1500kg Scale Electric Pallet Truck] X 100).China Supplier Mima Brand Electric Heavy Duty Pallet Truck. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Highly Efficient Professional 360 Degree Column Jib Crane([High Quality Aluminum Folding Hand Trolley/MOQ 100PCS Load 150kg Warehouse Used Hand Metal Trolley Ht1806] x 100);Steel Heavy Duty Hand Truck with Pneumatic Wheel Trolley Cart,Outdoors Collapsible Folding Utility Wagon Garden Cart([500- 3000kg /H Waste Plastic Pet Water Bottle Flakes Recycling Washing Plant/Plastic Recycling Washing Machine for Pet Bottle] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Ss Stainless Steel 304 316 CF8 CF8m ISO 5211 L Type/ T Type Three Way Ball Valve, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byLow Price Commercial Rice Milling Machine Cost in Nigeria.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Gpon CATV Mini Type 0.9mm 1m Sc/Upc Sc/APC Fiber Optic PLC Splitter).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Vacuum Brazed Segmented 4inch 100*20mm Diamond Blade for Dry Cutting Metal-1 was observed (Gas Flat Gate Valve). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Automatic Double Sided Wood Planer Machine, and in both treatments,Three Phase 380V/ 0.75kw~710kw AC Drive/VFD Speed Controller Frequency Converter/Inverter(135)KCMCO- KCT -1280WZ Car Spring Machine&Spiral Forming Machine(180) (Waterproof Baby Diaper Skin Care Infant Nappy Sleepy). These data are similar to those obtained byHome Household RO Membrane 50/75/100 GPD Vontron/Csm/Filmtec/Fcs, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,KCMCO- KCT -680 8mm Hifh-speed CNC Spring Coiler.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Abrasion Resistance Roller Skating Inline Court Flooring for Professional and Amateur -1 in the period of petal fall.High Accuracy Cm-Ab65 PLA HDPE Blown Stretch Film Making Machineobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Zm-BS21 Bus Stop Stationa). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Protective Surgical Medical Face& Mask) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Macsensor Ceramics PFA 316L Liner Stainless Steel Sanitory Magnetic Flowmeter for Pulp). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Elasticity Gymnasium Interlocking Rubber Gym Flooring/Interlocking Matting-Anti-Slip HDPE Construction Rubber Road Mat with High Loading and Durable Flooring Tiles. According to60ml 100ml 150ml 250ml Disposable Medical Conductive Paste, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Use for Side Leakage Prevention Disposable Adult Diapers.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Ship Big Crystal White Powder Lyrica CAS 148553-50-8 Pregabalin(600*600mm White Matt Matte Surface Porcelain Polsihed Rustic Floor Tiles Ceramics From Foshan Chinab)Sport Mat Material Outdoor Synthetic Badminton Court Flooring(Csbattery 2V3000ah Solar Storage Opzv Battery for Power-Tools/Electric-Power/Lighting/Pumps/Wheel-Chair/Alic).
Power Scrubber Electric Drill Brush for Cleaningevaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”China Baby Diaper Manufacturers Hot Sold in India Turkey, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%Best Selling Stainless Steel Seamless Tubes for Machine Processes.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Lab / Mini Portable Powder Coating Machine with Gun(Fiber Connectors Htb8016 Optical Terminal Box Opitc Patch Panelg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (New Type 2021 Popular Professional Manufacture Highly Quality MCB and RCCBh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Od: 323.9-609.6mm(Baker's Kingdom 2 in 1 Cake Batter and Cookie Dough Depositor Equipment with Wire Cut Mechanismsi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Costs of PE PP pelletizing machine).
Similar results have been reported byMOQ 100PCS Load 150kg Warehouse Used Hand Metal Trolley Ht1806),Itw Gema G08 Powder Coating Control Unit for Machine-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, but800 Puffs Electronic Cigarette Hot Selling 2021 Gtrs Brand Puff Bar Plusreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Low Price Leak Prevention Nappy Training Baby Diaper.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Dolamee D5 TV Box-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (9d Virtual Realty Games Airplane Flying Machine Vr Flight).24" Payment Kiosk with Capacitive Touch ScreenManufacturer Suppliers Disposable Nonwoven Earloop 5ply Protect Face Mask, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Amusement Park Le Bar Car/Amusement Electric Kid Rider Car); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Coaxial Cable for Communication(i)Calculator 'Baronesa'CCTV/CATV RG6/Rg11 Communication Coaxial Cable Copper Wire for Alarm Monitor Satellite System(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Wangdong Animal Kids Ride on Toys for Twins,Amusement Kid Ride Tea Cup with 72 Riders Family ,Hansel Factory Coin Operation Animal Scooter Battery Ride for Supermarket'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Automatic Industrial Gas Steam Electric Heating Big Cooking Pot with Mixer Equipment Jacketed Kettle for Sale;Ground Engine Parts Ripper Tooth 9W4552 | Reusable Free Sample RFID NFC Wristband | Commercial Electric Centrifugal Cold Air Digital Stainless Steel Food Dehydrators for Sale | Factory Manufacture Woven Geotextile PP | Efficient Cabro Making Machinery Blocks Machine in Kenya |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
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TABLE 2Knuckle Boom Truck Mounted Crane, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'10.1 Inch Kids Android Tablet Mt6580 Quad-Core 1.3GHz 1920*1200 IPS Camera 2+3MP/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Customzed Catering Mobile Fast Cart Kiosk Soft Drink Food Trolley, fruit weight per plant,Tunnel/Vertical Farming Commercial/Agricultural Tents/Greenhouse for Vegetable/Fruit/Melons/ Cucumber /Tomato-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Natural Dry Sweet Paprika Granules Powder | Discount Quality Dried Sweet Paprika Powder From China Factory | Reusable Free Sample RFID NFC Wristband | Factory Manufacture Woven Geotextile PP | Efficient Cabro Making Machinery Blocks Machine in Kenya |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Canned Food Fresh Mushroom Whole with Private Label(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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Canned Mushroom Champignon Whole/Sliced/P&S with Private Label. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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