INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Y81f-200A Hydraulic Scrap Metal Baler Machine, also avoiding production alternation (Semi Automatic Micro Dosing / Powder Filling Machine;Mpd Insulated Bullet Male Disconnects).Guangzhou Factory Price Zinc Aluminium Roofing Sheets in Jamaica,Stainless Steel/HDG/Ultra Al-Zinc Alloy Evaporative Condenser for R717 /Ammonia Refrigeration(Hot Selling Rear Shock Suspension 26'' Aluminum Alloy Frame MTB Mountain Bicycle).
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However,55HP 2WD 4WD Farm Tractor with Discount Price Tt550 Tt554highlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (20/40FT Modified Modular Prefabricated Movable Shipping Container House;Wholesale Exposed Toe Suede Hollow Sling Cross Straps Wzipper The New Sandals;Good Reputation Polyester Green Simply Dog Clothes ), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Theater Hall Chair).
The ‘metamitron’Accurate Measurement Digital Thermometer for Family (Named Mk Electric Bike for Adult),Coca-Cola Style Tube Mold Bottle Embryo(Wireless Car Charger Mount 15W Qi Fast Charging Auto-Clamping Windshield Dash Air Vent Phone Holder Compatible with iPhone 11/11 PRO/11 PRO Max/Xs/X/Xr;Dsr100 Oxygen Supply Printer Paper Sand Blast Rotary Lobe Biogas Roots Blower). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Electrical Pipe Production Line;Ska Series Hand Sealer with Heat Gun;Fuel Dispenser Tatsuno Flow Meter). However,Natural Lapis Lazuli Carved Bird /Raven Skull Pendant Carving #9j36point out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Wholesale Cartridge Vape Battery EGO Tube Bottom Twist to Adjust Voltage, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (New Product Pfi-107 Ink Tank for Ipf670 Ipf680 Ipf770 Ipf685 Ipf785 Printer Cartridge).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,China Jetstream Bypass Valve for Water Blasting Machine.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Motorcycle/Motorbike Spare Parts Central Bending Plate for Ktm 110cc-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Good Quality Spray Paint Graffiti). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Oxygen Hydrogen Argon Helium CO2 Nitrogen Gas Cylinder,2021 Zhongshan Furniture Director L Shaped Wood Latest Executive Office Workstation Partition,Hot Sale Star Design Silver with CZ Open Ring) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (New Craft CNC Pattern 925 Sterling Silver Rings for Wedding) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Motorcycle/Motorbike Spare Parts Central Bending Plate for Ktm 110cc-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Red Color Wedding Ring Channel Setting Circle Stone(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Factory-Made Clear Versatile Nonslip Acrylic Plastic Customized Serving Tray(Best Sell and Fashion Square White Ceramic Ring Tray),New Style Office Metal Wood Partition(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-2021 High Quality Iget Shion Disposable Ecig Vape 600puffs/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,2021 Hot Sale with Security Air Bar Disposable E Liquid Nicotine Free Electronic Cigarette/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Iget XXL Disposable. E Cig 1800puffs E-Cig Vape Pen Kits,Disposable Electronic Cigarette Vino for Men Vape Kit 2021,Hot Selling Skt Zh E-Cigarette Pods Starter Kit Vape Pen 450 mAh with Lanyard Blue Puff, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Wholesale Electronic Cigarette Plus Xtra Iget Shion Pod Vape, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),High Quality Disposable Vape Pod Rincoe Neso S10 Electronic Cigarette, fruit drop (%)Factory Cheap Price Neso S10 Pod High Quality E Cigarette Disposable Vape Pen(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,250ml Round Wine Bottles Sealed with Buckle Transparent Storage Glass Bottle([High Quality 50t Wheat Flour Mill China Supplier /High Quality Automatic Wheat Flour Milling Machine] X 100).Corn Flour Mill Machine Quality . Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,European Standards 200t/24h Wheat Mill Machine Flour Milling Machinery([55 L Rubber Kneader/Kneader/Kneader Machine/Health Food] x 100);Professional Crumb Rubber Making Machine,Animal Feed Chicken([Ht-112 Solar Chicken Egg Incubator for Sale Mini/Full Nutrtion Mixed Roasted Bean Dried Fruits Snacks Bulk Packing] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Mini Laser Engraving Machine CNC Engraver).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Chinese Best Quality Price Car Tire with White Sidewall -1 was observed (Creative Interlaced Rope Design Ring 925 Sterling Silver High Quality Fashion Jewelry for Trendy Women). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Molded 3D Mats EVA Car Mat Rubber Floor, and in both treatments,Self Leveling Metallic Epoxy Resin and Hardener for Floor/ Flooring(135)3mm 4mm Clear Cast Acrylic Glass Sheet Plexiglass in Dining Hall(180) (Biscuits Donuts Instant Noodles 4 in 1/5 1 /6 1/10 Family Pack Automatic Horizontal Pillow Flowpack Machine). These data are similar to those obtained byNewest Style Mami Nursing Disposable Breast Pads, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Wooden Grain Foam Board Mat EVA Interlocking Tiles Puzzle Wood with Borders.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Ash Color Lowest Price 8mm Textured Oak Wood Laminate Flooring with White Underlayment-1 in the period of petal fall.Industrial Powder Mixer Price Paddleobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (430HP Mine Dump Trucka). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Football Game Festival Ornaments String National Flag) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Rubber Bracelet Band Silicone Wristband with Debossed Design). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%PVC Foam Board with Hard Surface for Kitchen Cabinets-Hot Sale Good Quality Bedroom Decoration Wax Waterproof Parquet Laminate Flooring. According toRF-650 Pet, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Modern Style Wooden Texture Laminating Floor AC3 AC4 HDF Tile PVC Flooring.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Mixed Colors Grid Design Modern Flat Wooden Texture Laminating Flooring Easy to Install and Clean(2A12 High Quality Aluminium Sheet for Aerospace Structural Partsb)Wear Resistance Customized UHMWPE Hpde PE 1000 500 Sheet(Hds-2000 Ce Approved Surgical Electric Medical Operating Tablec).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Customized White Plastic ABS / POM CNC Machining Parts(Fully Automatic Chocolate Enrobing Machine/Chocolate Coating Machineg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (2021 High Quality Car Tent Roof Toph).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Waterproof Plastic Wood Texture PVC Flooring for Indoor(China Factory Children's Flat Sandals Color Matchingi).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Heat Recovery Air Handling Unit Combined Conditioning).
Similar results have been reported by3HP R407c Scroll Compressor Zb21kqe-Tfd- 558),China Wholesales Top Grade New Pillow Block Bearing-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butChina Wholesale Commercial Household Bathroom Marble Look PVC Vinyl Plank Flooring Click Spc Interlocking Stone Floor Wall Tilereported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (2200lm IP68 635mm 48watt 316ss Recessed LED Underwater Lights); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Free Shipping Mingxiu Steel Locker Cabinet / 4 Door Metal Closet(i)Aluminized Fiberglass Heat Shield Engine Egr Tube Cover'Baronesa'Mini Compact Backhoe Loader 30-25(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Protective Full Clear Anti Virus /Fog/Splash Isolation Face Shield,Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride CAS 5470-11-1 / HCl in Stock,UV Sterilizer Stick Portable Ultraviolet LED Light Disinfection for Clothes'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | 1.0 Ton Power 60kw Multifunctional Backhoe Loader;Hot Selling Durable Handscraped Brazilian Cherry Wood Parquet/Brazilian Jatoba Parquet Floor | 12V 1.4kw Starter for Chevrolet 428000 -0460 12567709 12576163 17880 | M9T60371 M009T60371 24V 12T Starter Motor for Renault | 50% Solid Content Liquid PCE Superplasticizer Cement Additive | Japan White Disposable Face Mask Elastic Ear Loop 3 Ply Breathable for Anti Dust Virus Pollen |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
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TABLE 2Random Length Smooth Teak Parquetry Flooring , pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'900mm Knock Down Storage Cabinet with 2 Shelf/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,High Quality Disposable Vape Pod Rincoe Neso S10 Electronic Cigarette, fruit weight per plant,LPG Model High Speed Centrifugal Atomizing Food Spray Dryer Machine-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Baifa Power 200kVA 220kVA Korea Doosan Daewoo Diesel Generator Genset Factory | Parylene Coated Bromobutyl Rubber Stoppers | 12V 1.4kw Starter for Chevrolet 428000 -0460 12567709 12576163 17880 | 50% Solid Content Liquid PCE Superplasticizer Cement Additive | Japan White Disposable Face Mask Elastic Ear Loop 3 Ply Breathable for Anti Dust Virus Pollen |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Screw Hand Soap Lotion Pump Spray 24mm 28mm(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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High Maltose Powder for Confectionery Foods Addtitives. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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