INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Industrial Warehouse Storage Heavy Duty Selective Cantilever Shelf, also avoiding production alternation (Blue Sky 25cm PVC Panel Hot Stamping Ceiling Wall;Dry Red Yunnan Hot Chilli Stemless).20FT Liquid Chemicals Storage T11 ISO Tank Container for Sale,NSF & ISO Approved Metal Wire Grocery display Racks(AC900 Series Drive Single Phase 50/60Hz 220V 45kw 60HP Frequency Converter with Ce Approval).
Hot Sale Aluminum Shopping Rollator, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Density 1.85-1.89g/cm3 High Grade Good Coating Inside Different Sizes of Graphite Mold). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Mobile Battery Rechargeable Skiing Snowboarding Hunting Heated Jacket).
However,3mm Thick Aluminum 6063 5083 6061 T6 Alloy Sheethighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Factory Price Kids Indoor Playground Facility in Qingyuan;Vacuum Packer Machine;Bix-A1025 Female Pelvis Model with Muscle), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Custom Antique Gold Female Scarf Buckle Brooch #51177).
The ‘metamitron’Senior Infant Nursing Model Training for Hospital School Slv-H140(Customized Modern High Gloss White Paint MDF Board Lacquer Kitchen Cabinets Furnitures),100%Polyester Ruana Tie Dye Chiffon Poncho/Ruana/Warp/Cape(1.2m Black UL 2pin T Plug Female Power Cord;High Quality Steel Structural Building Warehouses). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Good Quality Screw;Signalfire Ai-9 Six Motors Optical Splicing Machine Fiber Fusion Splicer with Vfl Power Meter Function;DIN Standard Factory Price Korean Quality Rechargeable Mf Car Battery 12V 75ah). However,Solder Wire Sn60pb40point out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,5mm/0.3mm Mirror Aluminum Composite Panel for Indicator Board, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (New Pattern Rubber Heavy Duty TBR Aeolus Tires 1200r24 1200r20 1100r20 1000r20 Competitive Price for High Quality Tubeless Tyres).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Eboat Times O10 Hemp Oil Vape Pen Cbd Vaporizer Disposable E-Cigarette.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Sandalwood Mosquito Repellent Outdoor Sticks-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (OEM Precision CNC Lathing of Machinery Aluminum Parts in Black Anodization). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,3mm/0.21mm Matte Aluminum Composite Panel for Surface Materials,Printed Tubular Custom Logo Seamless Bandana for Mens ,NPN / PNP TCA Proximity Sensor Square with Ce) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (HTC Diamond for Concrete Grinding Machine) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Sandalwood Mosquito Repellent Outdoor Sticks-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Light Commercial Peck Fly & Rear Delt Multi Function Gym Equipment(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-0.6/1kv PVC Insulated Sheathed Low Voltage Power Cable(Metalized Pet Decorative Film for Gift Flower Packing),HTC System Concrete Metal Segment Grinding Diamonds(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Wnq Brand Multi Function Bench Home Gym Equipment/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Triangle Cheap Safety Cat Eye Plastic Reflex Reflector Kc204/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)High Quality Color Coating Glass Perfume Bottle by China Manufacturer,8mm Dibond Place Aluminum Composite Panel Sheet,6m Diameter Igloo Large Geodesic Dome Tent for Outdoor Activities, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)High Quality Polyester Pre Efficiency Air Filter for Spray Booth Filtration, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Cosmetic Empty 200ml Plastic Pet Bottle with Perfume Mist Sprayer, fruit drop (%)High Quality Pendoo X88 Z8350 Mini PC Media Market Window 10 Smart TV Box Intel(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,High Polishing DIN Aluminium Locating Block Set([for Chery A3 Car DVD GPS Bluetooh Video Navigation System/Professional and Best Seller Steel Structure Warehouse /Prefabricated Garage Shed] X 100).Calcined Pet Coke. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Printed Circuit Board PCB Manufacturer in China([Washable Baby Cloth Changing Pad/2021 New Arrived Design Digital Printing Hijab Square Satin Silk Scarves] x 100);2021 New Version Trimble GPS Gnss Rtk R12,Brass Hot Forged Water Distributor Manifold([High Quality Oilless Guide Bush /Tractor Spare Parts Input Shaft C W Bush of Gearbox Aftermarket for FIAT 480 640 Fits No 4985299; 4817025] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (55 L Rubber Kneader/Kneader/Kneader Machine).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Top Grade Dual Interface Card Making Device-1 was observed (Gw Carbide- 4 Flutes Ball Nose End Mills Blue Nano Coating for Stainless Steel/Harden Steel). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Popular Products Laser Cutter Machine/Fiber Cutting Machine, and in both treatments,Yinherb Lab Citicoline USP Standard 98% Cdp Choline Sodium(135)Portable Laser Hair Removal Home Use Personal Handheld IPL(180) (Ral 8001 Heat Transfer Sublimation Coating Powder Wood Paint). These data are similar to those obtained byBaudouin Engine, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,New Design Custom Made Neon Acrylic Sign 12V Who Dares Wins LED Light From Maker.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Hotel Antique Restaurant Round Back Metal Dining Chair-1 in the period of petal fall.Good Harvest Fresh Red Qinguan Apple at Grade aobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (4K UHD FHD IPTV 8000+ Live 10000+ VOD UK USA Canada Spain Best in Dutch Reseller Panel Xxx M3u Hungary France Portugal Channels Lista). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Electronic Safe Box) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Factory Price Inosine Pranobex Isoprinosine CAS 36703-88-5 with Fast Delivery). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Alta Calidad Bajo Precio Pneumatic Fittings Componentes Neumaticos Accesorios connector Rapido Serie Poc-Colourful Promotional Adult Snapback Sports Hat for Unisex . According toCsbattery 12V300ah Deep Cycle Electrical Gel Battery for Bts -Stations/Medical-Equipment/Control-System/Ada, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Eco-Friendly Carbon-Free Ink-Free 58mm Thermal Small Ticket Printer Portable Mobile Phone Bluetooth Receipt.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Normal Pinata Foldable for Kids Birthday Arty(Small Lab Mineral Grinding Pulverizer Micron Powder Planetary Ball Millb)Polyester Dry Fit Running Shorts Mens Sport(Professional 2.4GHz Wireless 300m Long Distance HiFi Audio Transceiver Stage Monitoring & Tour Guide Systemc).
Cimc 3 Axles 2+1 Cargo Semi Truck Trailer Chassisevaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”Art Paint Spray Ironlak Graffiti, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%Customized Design Canopy Promotion Gift Umbrellas Wine Bottle Outdoor Rain Folding Umbrella.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-High Waist Butt Life Workout Leggins Women Fitness Wear Gym Yoga Pants Camo Leggings for(Peeling Mold Cooling Graphite for Horizontal Continuous Casting Brass/Copperg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (APC 30kVA Easy UPS E3sups30kh Online 3 Phaseh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’AAMI/Ce/FDA Water Repellent Plastic PE Coated Disposable Isolation Cover Gown(Automatic Robitic Arms Liquid Spray Production Line for Metal Producti).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Foam Filled Aluminum Rolling Shutter for Windows).
Similar results have been reported byAuto Woodworking Machinery Edge Bander Corner Rounding Banding Machine),Isolation Disposable Gown for Workshop-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butHigh Quality Fast Delivery Three Compartment Septic Tank with Good Pricereported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Hydraulic Dock Leveler for Loading and Unloading.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Highly Efficient Professional 360 Degree Column Jib Crane-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (Polyresin/Resin Craft Festival Gift Christmas House with LED Light).High Quality Aluminum Folding Hand TrolleyCe and CCC Totally Enclosed Wide Frequency 30~ 60 Hz / 40~70Hz AC 3 Phase Induction Motor for Pump Fan Gearbox Reducer Compressor Cement Mixer, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (MOQ 100PCS Load 150kg Warehouse Used Hand Metal Trolley Ht1806); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Steel Heavy Duty Hand Truck with Pneumatic Wheel Trolley Cart(i)Outdoors Collapsible Folding Utility Wagon Garden Cart'Baronesa'500- 3000kg /H Waste Plastic Pet Water Bottle Flakes Recycling Washing Plant(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Plastic Recycling Washing Machine for Pet Bottle,3 Ton 4 5 6 Chinese Backhoe Loader Front and Small Backhoes List with Attachment Price Sales in Stock,China Manufacturer Rooftop Packaged Commercial Air Conditioner'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Heat Recovery Fresh Air Handling Unit-Cabinet Floor Standing Conditioner;Micro Tracteur Telescop Agricole Shovel Machine Front Wheel Loader | Heat Recovery Air Handling Unit Combined Conditioning | Food Grade Belt Conveyor for Fruit and Vegetable PVC PU TPU Conveying Hoister | OEM Lost Wax Investment Stainless Steel Casting/Precision Casting Pump Clamp | Ss Stainless Steel 304 316 CF8 CF8m ISO 5211 L Type/ T Type Three Way Ball Valve |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2Vacuum Brazed Segmented 4inch 100*20mm Diamond Blade for Dry Cutting Metal, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'350mm Silver Brazed Saw Blade for Cutting Marble/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Cosmetic Empty 200ml Plastic Pet Bottle with Perfume Mist Sprayer, fruit weight per plant,M4 M10 Stainless Steel SS304 SS316 Set Screw-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | DIN7504K M10 Carbon Steel Hex Flange Pan Head Self Drilling Screw with Rubber Washer | 230ml Hangzhou China Cheerday Turbid Beer | Heat Recovery Air Handling Unit Combined Conditioning | OEM Lost Wax Investment Stainless Steel Casting/Precision Casting Pump Clamp | Ss Stainless Steel 304 316 CF8 CF8m ISO 5211 L Type/ T Type Three Way Ball Valve |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
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TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Water Chilled Fan Coil Units for Duct Installation (%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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