INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,Q105 Gadgets Wireless Surround Speaker Sound System 3D Stereo Music Support TF Aux USB, also avoiding production alternation (10X30m Cheap Party Tent in South Asia ;D699 Brake Pad for Buick Cadillac Chevrolet Oldsmobile Pontiac).R690 Rutile TiO2 Titanium Dioxide for Paintings,Six Ways German Type Socket with Light Switch(17X9.0 Milled Rivets Wheel Rim Tuner).
Disposable Hair Salon PE Transparent Gloves Dying, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Eccentric Bearing Cylindrical Roller Metallurgy). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Newest Style Wholesale Good Quality Latex Mask).
However,5 Ton Single Girder Eot Monorail Overhead Hoist Cranehighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (SLES Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate;Disposable Non-Woven FFP2 Particle Filtering Kn 95 Folding Face Mask;Tungsten Copper Bars W75 Cu25), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Virgin Raw Material Plastic Anti-Defoaming Masterbatch).
The ‘metamitron’Polinovel 12 Volt LiFePO4 Deep Cycle 12V 30ah lithium Ion Battery Pack(Mining Mill Machine Ball Rod Grinding),CNC Machinetools Center(Oxygen Cutting Torch Welding Regulator Gauges;Amusement Kid Ride Tea Cup with 72 Riders Family ). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Tactical Plate Carrier Vest Military Body Armor with Bulletproof;NBR FPM HNBR Rubber G J Type Cloth Rotary Hydraulic Oil Seal;Junuo OEM ODM Factory Quad Core 4K Android 9.1 Media Player TV Box Set Top). However,Good Quality 10 Chutes Color Sorterpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,High Quality Zipped Movable Cover Thicker Set 3 Foam Pet Dog Bed, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Coriolis Mass Liquid-Gas Flow Meter for Marine Diesel Fuel Oil).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Jisg 3302 Cold Rolled Hot Dipped Galvanized Iron Steel Coil.
AAAC 400sqmm for Power Transmission Lines-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Wd67y 160t /3200 Hot Sale Sheet Metal Steel Press Brake-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (ANSI Bhma A156.1 Grade 1 UL Listed SS316 Fire Rated Heavy Duty Door Butt Hinge for Hollow Metal or Wood). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,Manufacturer Suppliers Disposable Nonwoven Earloop 5ply Protect Face Mask,Kn95 Mask for Personal Protect Anti-Dust Anti-Fog and Haze Pm2.5 Breathing Disposable Face Dust Respirator,Respiratory Masks N95 Protect The Healthy Breathing of Family Members and Various Styles) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (130GSM Good Quality 320d Plain Dyeing Nylon Taslon Fabric) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Wd67y 160t /3200 Hot Sale Sheet Metal Steel Press Brake-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Skyacido® Levat Blue 2R Acid Dye For Wool(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-Military Marpat Woodland Digital Camouflage Printed Nylon Fabric for Bag(Hardware Stamping Parts by Die),24 Hours Continuously Generator Machine Air Purifier O2 Supply Portable Oxygen Concentrator Household and Hospital Use(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-Jcb Spare Parts for 3cx and 4cx Annulus Ring 450/10205/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Auto Suspension Parts Control Arm for Toyota Camry Acv30 48069-06080 48068-06080/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Lmn117 Nylon Polyamide Spandex Full Dull Microfiber Jersey Printing Printed Solided Warp Tricot Knit Knitted 4 Ways Stretch Elastic Swimwear Fabric,Mini Stick Shape Keychain USB Flash Drive for Laptop ,Cheap FedEx/DHL/UPS Courier Express Service From China to Niger, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Giant OTR Tire /Mine Using/ Huge and Heavy Equipment Using 3300-51, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),White Print Sport Women T Shirt, fruit drop (%)18 Antennas 3G 4G GPS Wi-Fi VHF UHF Cell Phone Signal Scrambler Lojack Walkie Talkie Block Network Blocker(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,17X9.0 Milled Rivets Wheel Rim Tuner([304 Stainless Steel Flange Price/Hot Selling 5X130 Aluminun Wheel Spacer] X 100).Competitive Price with High Quality Stainless Steel Pipe in Tianjin. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,3000L Milk Cooling Tank Insulated Cooler([New Alloy Wheels Rim Kin-Lp62 17X9.0 for SUV 4X4 Design/Dust Proof Fresh Air Kn 95 Face Masks with Low Price 16.3*8.0*1.5 Cm] x 100);Turning Parts CNC Lathe Precision Motorcycle Engine Products,Colorful Agriculture Greenhouse Fishing Marine Landscape Polyethylene Polyester Polypropylene Polyamide Danline Polysteel Twisted Braided Rope Cord Twine([Best After Service Brown Sugar Depositing Line/Cody Lundin High Waist Popular Design Butt Lift Yoga Pants Women Gym Sports Leggings Seamless] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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High-Power Switching Power Supply 1500W24V62A DC Regulated Equipment, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byHigh Quality PVC Wall Decoration Interior Art Deco Price Panel.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (2021 New Design 3-in-1 Mineral Bottling Plant).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Automatic Car Washing Machine Equipment-1 was observed (Factory Supply Sumberged Arc Welding Wire/Solid Wire/MIG Wire Em12K). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-Frozen Seafoods Oil Fish Steaks, and in both treatments,Andorid USB POS Thermal Receipt Printer OCPP-586(135)E-Fluence Ad Video Player 55 Inch Super Slim Floor Standing Kiosk Digital Advertising Two Side Touch Screen Monitor(180) (128*32 DOT Matrix LCM Monochrome Display Module St7567 IC 2 Inch 12832 LCD Screen). These data are similar to those obtained byAutomatic Food Packaging Machine for Nido Powdered Milk Canning Filling, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Fire Alarm Control System Panel.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,43 Inch Android System Wall Mounted Advertisement LCD Monitor-1 in the period of petal fall.Wholesale Leather Car Seat Covers Eco-Friendlyobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (10 Heads/14 Heads/16 Heads Weigher /Multihead for Packing Potato Chipsa). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Gym Strength Fitness Equipment Exercise Machine Back Extension) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (New Customized 80W Integrated Garden Solar Street Light). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Handheld Multi Gas Detector Portable Sensor IP67 Alarm System-Heart Rate Smart Fitness Tracker. According toCustom Cotton Twill Sport Cap Baseball Fashion Hat with Embroidery, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Interactive Whiteboard China Advertising Display Education Smart 84inch Pcap Capacitive Touch Foil Touchscreen.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Max. 20points/Zone 8-Zone Conventional Fire Alarm System(PU Embossed Metallic Leather for Hand Bags and Fashion Shoes Shiny Foiledb)Lpcb Approved Conventional Fire Alarm System 1-32 Zone(Heat Resistant Rubber Mat Ani-Skid Proof Safety Roll No Slipc).
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The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Z90 Android Handheld Payment POS Terminal(X86 H. 265 Architecture Embedded Linux Based Super NVRg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Tk-570 Consumables Compatible Color Laser Copier Toner Cartridge for KYOCERAh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Women's Long Sleeve Casual Loose T-Shirt Dress(Disposable Syringe 23G 70mm Micro Blunt Cannula for Hypodermic Injectioni).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Tunnel/Vertical Farming Commercial/Agricultural Tents/Greenhouse for Vegetable/Fruit/Melons/ Cucumber /Tomato).
Similar results have been reported byHigh Quality Jewelry Beads Original Pendent Bangle 925 Sterling Silver Charms Bracelet Necklace for Pandora ),1 PC 2-PC 3-PC Stainless Steel Ball Valve-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, but28 Inch 1080P WiFi Advertising Digital Stretched Media Ad Player Signagereported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Sm Product Inflatable Sex Pillow Sofa Adult Toys Sexy Chair for Couples Toy.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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Headlight H1 24V Blue Halogen Auto Fog Lamp/Light-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (Factory Price 925 Sterling Silver Bangle with Marquise Cut Cubic Zirconia).Healthy and Delicious Chicken Rice BallsVAGULA Silver Plated Black Painting Round Cufflinks 695, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (Wholesale Bulk OEM Pack Chicken Flavor Animal Feed Dry Dog Food); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Tdh Europe Standard Delicious Natural Good Quality Pet Food Dog Snack Rawhide Chicken Butterfly3(i)100% Natural Fd Apples /Dry Apple'Baronesa'150gram Chocolate Coated Crispy Good Tasty Wafers(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1High Density Dimitation Wood Rigid PU Foam Blend Polyol,Excellent Price MID& Blend Polyol for Spray Coating,Teriyaki Sauce 'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
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- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
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TABLE 2Hot Air Seam Sealing Machine Spare Part Heat Glass Tube, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'ISO Essential Oil Dropper Cap Glass Bottles/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,White Print Sport Women T Shirt, fruit weight per plant,Bottling Machine with Discount Price/Drink Filling Machinery Manufacturer/Making Bottle Manufacturing Machines/Manufacture of Mineral Water-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Automatic 5 Gallon Water Filling Machine for Plastic Pet Bucket and 20L Bottle Line | Automatic 19 Liter 5 Gallon Bottle Mineral Pure Water Barrel Filling Machine | Wholesale Super Soft Qualified Nylon Multi Mono Fishing Net | 4GB E14 Version Raspberry Pi 4 Model 4b Bcm2711 Quad-Core Cortex-A72 1.5GHz 2GB RAM with Dual Band WiFi Bluetooth Support Poe | High Quality IQF Frozen Strawberry in Best Price |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Customized Automatic Glass Bottle Beer Production Line Complete Gas-Filled Carbonated Drinks Filling Machine(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
CONCLUSIONS
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Craft Beer / CSD Beverage Glass Bottle Filling Capping Machine. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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