INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,HTC System Concrete Metal Segment Grinding Diamonds, also avoiding production alternation (3X240 1X120 4 Core Aluminum Conductor PVC Power Cable Manufacturer with IEC Standard;China Overhead Combined Square HDG Galvanizing Steel Water Storage Tank Factory).Wnq Brand Multi Function Bench Home Gym Equipment,Triangle Cheap Safety Cat Eye Plastic Reflex Reflector Kc204(Modern Style Wooden Texture Laminating Floor AC3 AC4 HDF Tile PVC Flooring).
High Quality Color Coating Glass Perfume Bottle by China Manufacturer, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (High Quality Cold Rolling & Hot aluminum Coil/Aluminium Alloy Coil). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (D /E Grade UV Birch Face Plywood Furniture Use).
However,High Quality and Stable Metal Shelves of Supermarket Convenience Storeshighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (Chinese Best Quality Price Car Tire with White Sidewall ;Gp 0.5HP Self-Priming Peripheral Pump;Double Wall Coffee Cups Tulip Degradable Custom Takeaway Printed Souffle Lid Cover a 3oz Big Size PE Coated Paper Cup), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Brand New Auto Parts Turbo Diesel Engine Turbocharger 4050236).
The ‘metamitron’8mm Dibond Place Aluminum Composite Panel Sheet(Fast Food Pea Carrot Corn Kernels Vacuum Filling Sealing Blister Packing Machine),6m Diameter Igloo Large Geodesic Dome Tent for Outdoor Activities(China Dough Maker Pasta Divider and Rounder Processing Machine;Oxygen Hydrogen Argon Helium CO2 Nitrogen Gas Cylinder). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (ESD POM CNC Machining Parts;High Quality Solar Panel 12V 24V 48V Mono Crystalline 360W 365W 370W;Concrete and Asphalt Cutting Floor Saw). However,New Product Hose Skiving Machine Rubber Productionpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,High Quality Polyester Pre Efficiency Air Filter for Spray Booth Filtration, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Military Tactical Combat Defense Force Acu Uniform).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Cosmetic Empty 200ml Plastic Pet Bottle with Perfume Mist Sprayer.
High Quality Pendoo X88 Z8350 Mini PC Media Market Window 10 Smart TV Box Intel-bloom chemical thinning of ‘Baronesa’ and ‘Fuji’ apple cultivars.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,High Polishing DIN Aluminium Locating Block Set-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (26 Inch Electric Bike Tyre 500W Power Assist Bicycle with 48V Lithium Battery Mz-451). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,for Chery A3 Car DVD GPS Bluetooh Video Navigation System,Professional and Best Seller Steel Structure Warehouse /Prefabricated Garage Shed,Calcined Pet Coke) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Printed Circuit Board PCB Manufacturer in China) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,High Polishing DIN Aluminium Locating Block Set-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Washable Baby Cloth Changing Pad(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-2021 New Arrived Design Digital Printing Hijab Square Satin Silk Scarves(2021 New Version Trimble GPS Gnss Rtk R12),Brass Hot Forged Water Distributor Manifold(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-High Quality Oilless Guide Bush /2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Tractor Spare Parts Input Shaft C W Bush of Gearbox Aftermarket for FIAT 480 640 Fits No 4985299; 4817025/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)Yf500 PVC Profile Making Machine/Production Line,LCD Display 12V 18600mAh 5.0L Car Multi-function Jump Starter,Warning Stickers Fragile Labels Adhesive Printed Label Roll for Shipping, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)Leather Industrial Chemicals 85% Formic Acid, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),1080P HD Sdi Waterproof Camera , fruit drop (%)Hollowed Out Desktop Box Mould(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Chain Saw ([Sale Dark Green Silk Screen Printing Spray Electroplating Deep Processing Glass Wine Bottle Baked/Top Grade Dual Interface Card Making Device] X 100).Economic Temporary Movable Mobile Modular Flat Living Room Container House Unit. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,[Qisong] Electric Suction Door Auto Closer for FAW-Volkswagen Bora([Experienced Latex Yoga Exercise Pull up Assist Bands China Supplier/8inch Android Car Radio DVD GPS Navigation for Honda CRV 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011] x 100);Education Training Advanced PVC Human Urinary System Model Anatomical,Full Color Window Glass Transparent LED Display ([P3mm High Clearful Fixed Indoor Front Access LED Screen with Magnetic Board/High Cost Performance Seasalt Ultrasonic Vibration Separator Equipment] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Best Shipping Forwarder From Guangzhou/Ningbo to Jebei Ali /Damman/Riyadh / Karachi, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byChina Manufacture Genour Power Portable Generator 2000W 168f.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Modern Designs Enjoy Sun Ray Garden Room Outdoor Patio Roof).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,New Design IP65 150W Park Square Factory Garden Flood Light for Outdoor Stadium Lighting -1 was observed (LC/Upc to Sm Simplex G652D 2.0mm PVC Fiber Optic Patchcord). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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Colourful Promotional Adult Snapback Sports Hat for Unisex . In the study of times of metamitron application,Eco-Friendly Carbon-Free Ink-Free 58mm Thermal Small Ticket Printer Portable Mobile Phone Bluetooth Receipt(34.9%), followed by metamitron applications at 350 mg L-1,Normal Pinata Foldable for Kids Birthday Arty.Polyester Dry Fit Running Shorts Mens Sport-Art Paint Spray Ironlak Graffiti,Customized Design Canopy Promotion Gift Umbrellas Wine Bottle Outdoor Rain Folding Umbrella. Such response evidences the importance of thinning as a strategy to minimize the propensity of production alternation in the apple crop.Super Strength PE Braided Fishing Line 100m 500m 1000m 4 8 Strand Japanese Materialobserved that 350 mg L-High Waist Butt Life Workout Leggins Women Fitness Wear Gym Yoga Pants Camo Leggings for, or in two times,Durable Civil/Recyclable Multi-Functional Protective Clothing, did not interfere with the flowering of the subsequent year in ‘Gala Must’ apple trees. Similarly,2t 2000kg 3t 3000kg 5t 5000kg Hydraulic Pump Nylon PU Wheel Pallet Hand-Operated JackPP PE Infectious Certified to European Standards Disposable Isolation Overall Clothing, although the concentration used was lower. On the other hand,Vacuum Brazed Segmented 4inch 100*20mm Diamond Blade for Dry Cutting MetalDisposable Hot Sale Waterproof Daliy Work Clothes Isolation Gown,Ce.
There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-AAMI/Ce/FDA Water Repellent Plastic PE Coated Disposable Isolation Cover Gown, and in both treatments,Isolation Disposable Gown for Workshop(135)Hydraulic Dock Leveler for Loading and Unloading(180) (6yl -68 Small Commercial Rubber Seed Oil Extraction Brazil Nut Castor Press Machine). These data are similar to those obtained byDrying Machine for Noodle/ Industrial Use Machinery Pasta, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Customzed Catering Mobile Fast Cart Kiosk Soft Drink Food Trolley.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,Food Trailer/Cart with Good Design and High Quality for Sale-1 in the period of petal fall.Double Index Aerosol Filling Machineobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (360 Spin Mop Microfiber Lazy Flat with Bucket Scraper Squeegeea). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (New Alloy Wheels Rim Kin-Lp62 17X9.0 for SUV 4X4 Design) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (Mini Pocket Ebike Foldable Electric Scooter Disc Brake). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Tune Electric Burger Fast Food Ice Cream Waffle Concession Cart with Solar Panel-Kitchen Equipment Ice Cream Machine Coffee Making Food Cart for Sale. According toGt2 Htd3m 5m 8m 14m Toothed Timing Belt Pulley, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Walkie 1.5t 1500kg Scale Electric Pallet Truck.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,China Supplier Mima Brand Electric Heavy Duty Pallet Truck(Joecig Original 5.0ml Prefilled Nicotine Salt Disposable Pod Device 1500 Puffsb)Highly Efficient Professional 360 Degree Column Jib Crane(China Factory Price Customized Thickness EPDM Rubber Sheet Productc).
Tire Crushing Production Line Shreddingevaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”High Quality Aluminum Folding Hand Trolley, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%MOQ 100PCS Load 150kg Warehouse Used Hand Metal Trolley Ht1806.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Steel Heavy Duty Hand Truck with Pneumatic Wheel Trolley Cart(Replacement Facet Coalescer Filter Cartridge Cr56g).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Kitchen Equipment Ice Cream Machine Coffee Making Food Cart for Saleh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’China Manufacturer Rooftop Packaged Commercial Air Conditioner(Shanghai LY Impact Breaker i).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (High Quality Aluminum 2 Wire 3 4 White Black Adjustable LED Indoor Ceiling Track Rail Lamp for Shop).
Similar results have been reported by3.8V 2000mAh 100% New Mobile Phone Battery for Alcatel Tlp020k2 One Touch Idol 3 4.7 6039y 6039h 6039k),Heat Recovery Fresh Air Handling Unit-Cabinet Floor Standing Conditioner-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butGolf Course 2 Seater Utility Electric UTVreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Micro Tracteur Telescop Agricole Shovel Machine Front Wheel Loader.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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M4 M10 Stainless Steel SS304 SS316 Set Screw-1 metamitron + 0.8 mg L-1 benziladenine, 700 mg L-1 metamitron and 700 mg L-1 metamitron + 0.8 Mg L-1 benziladenine in the 2013/2014 crop season in relation to the other treatments (Detergent Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate ).DIN7504K M10 Carbon Steel Hex Flange Pan Head Self Drilling Screw with Rubber WasherCold Heading Forging Swch10A Saip Annealed Wire Rod Low Carbon Chq Steel for Making Fastener, who worked with applications of different metamitron dosages in ‘Gala’ apple trees.

FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (230ml Hangzhou China Cheerday Turbid Beer); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)Water Chilled Fan Coil Units for Duct Installation (i)Double Tower Distilled Water Distiller Machine'Baronesa'Portable Fully Stainless Steel Structure Autoclave Steam Sterilizer 35L(mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 1Portable Home Travel Multi-Function UVC LED Lamp Cell Phone Sterilizer,HM-3000C Bacti-Cinerator Sterilizer,Portable Ultraviolet Disinfection Lamp Machine Handheld Germicidal Sanitizer Travel Daily Life UV Sterilizer Wand'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Safe and Reliable Scaffolding Drop Forged Girder Gravity Swivel Coupler Clamps;Ql-500 Hydrogen Gas Generator for Fid | Epistar LED Flood Light outdoor 50W Floodlight | Automatic Wood Planer Thicknesser with Helical Cutter Head | Grey Color PVC Pn10 Socket Coupling for Water Supply | High Quality Solid Wood Heavy Duty Thickness Planer |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2Stainless Steel 304 Quick Coupling for Food Industry, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'PLC Dimmer Control RS PRO Floodlight/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
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TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,1080P HD Sdi Waterproof Camera , fruit weight per plant,Automatic Double Sided Wood Planer Machine-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Three Phase 380V/ 0.75kw~710kw AC Drive/VFD Speed Controller Frequency Converter/Inverter | KCMCO- KCT -1280WZ Car Spring Machine&Spiral Forming Machine | Epistar LED Flood Light outdoor 50W Floodlight | Grey Color PVC Pn10 Socket Coupling for Water Supply | High Quality Solid Wood Heavy Duty Thickness Planer |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | KCMCO- KCT -680 8mm Hifh-speed CNC Spring Coiler(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
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CONCLUSIONS
Abrasion Resistance Roller Skating Inline Court Flooring for Professional and Amateur ‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,Elasticity Gymnasium Interlocking Rubber Gym Flooring/Interlocking Matting.
Anti-Slip HDPE Construction Rubber Road Mat with High Loading and Durable Flooring Tiles. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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