INTRODUCTION
In apple crop, thinning aims to reduce fruit set, particularly in years where climatic conditions favor excessive floral induction,1000t Kitchen Utensils Deep Drawing Press Machine, also avoiding production alternation (Male Sex Doll Real Pussy Vagina Love Adult Toys;Guy/Gay Wire 3/8'' Ehs/ Inch Stranded Galvanized Steel Stay Bare Conductor).Zm-BS21 Bus Stop Station,China Price Wholesale Stainless Steel Rumbler 10oz 14oz 18oz 20oz 30oz 36oz 64oz Yetis Tumbler(Superwhite Auto Bulbs 194 /T10 12v5w).
0.5ton 1ton 2ton 5ton Chains Pulling Geared Monorail Travelling Girder Trolley Manual Hand Pull I Beam H, fruit set from year to year is very variable, so that the evaluation of the need and intensity of thinning can only be performed after fertilization, making chemical thinning at flowering a practice of great risk for producers (Face Shields Anti- Saliva Splash Dust Protector Personal Use on Subway Bus). Post-bloom chemical thinning is the most indicated when abundant flowering and high fruit set are observed (Outdoor FTTH Gyxtc8y Fiber Optic Cable).
However,Sleeveless T Shirt T-Shirt Manufacturers Kids Plain Shirtshighlight the low availability of thinning products, especially in areas under strict regulatory controls for the registration of new molecules, requiring the development of new environmentally safe and highly efficient products, such as benzyladenine.
Herbicide metamitron is an inhibitor of photosystem II, belonging to triazinone chemical group, which has recently been reported as efficient product in the thinning of apple crops (LPG Model High Speed Centrifugal Atomizing Food Spray Dryer Machine;Lakesea 10ply off Road Tyre 4WD 35X12.5r17 37X12.5r16.5 35X12.5r16 35X12.5r15 285/75r16 285/70r17 Extreme Mud China High Quality Aggressive Mt Tire;Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Strip for Cable), as it affects the photosynthetic apparatus for 7 to 10 days after application, reducing electron transport rates by up to 60% (Zinc Coated Galvanized Steel Roofing Plate for Construction Material).
The ‘metamitron’Custom Logo 20oz/30oz/14oz/ 10oz Double Wall Vacuum Tumbler Stainless Steel Insulated Cup Chinayetiprice(New Fashion One Stage Kitchen Water Filter),Amazon Hot Selling Custom 12oz 350ml Double Wall Insulated Vacuum Stainless Steel Wine Tumbler with Lids 6oz 10oz(Pre-Opened Bag on Roll Autobag Machine;Newest Price MID Motor Kit /Tsdz2 36V 350W). The decrease in plant fructification as well as the increase in mean fresh fruit weight is proportional to the increase in the metamitron concentration applied (Women Clothing Summer 2 Pieces Tight Party Casual Dresses;African Dresses Designs Fat;High-Strength Steel I Beam Trailer Truck with Higher Side Board). However,Hansel Factory Coin Operation Animal Scooter Battery Ride for Supermarketpoint out the possibility of excessive fruit drop depending on the concentration and application stage of this plant growth regulator. In addition,Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Exchang Table for Metal Cutting-3000W, and should therefore be tested in each producing region (Linear Type Oilve Oil Filling Machine Gravity).In view of the limited availability of thinners for apple trees,Cosmetic Skin Care Packaging Orange Color Plastic Airless Press Pump Cream Jar 15g 30g.
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
The work consisted of three experiments in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons conducted at an experimental orchard located in the municipality of Caçador, SC (26º46’S, 51º00’W and 960 m a.s.l.).
In experiment 1, 12-year-old apple trees Baronesa / M-26 cultivar were used at planting density of 2,Sleeveless T Shirt T-Shirt Manufacturers Kids Plain Shirts-1. Baronesa apple cultivar is of high fruit set and little responsive to chemical thinners, similarly to ‘Fuji’ cultivar (Green General Purpose Scouring Pad). Four times of metamitron application at 350 mg L-1 (petal fall - QP,150g White Cosmetic Pet Jar,Square Glass Bottle Olive Oil Vinegar with Lid,Rhino 17 12000) were evaluated and hand thinning treatment and control treatment (Rhinozen Power Extreme 40K Capsule) were compared.
In experiment 2, 12-year-old Baronesa / M-26 apple trees were used at planting density of 2,Sleeveless T Shirt T-Shirt Manufacturers Kids Plain Shirts-1, and six metamitron concentrations (0 mg L -1, 350 mg L -1, 700 mg L-1, 1050 mg L-1, 1400 mg L-1 and 1750 mg L-1)Peel off Lid Heat Seal The Plastic Cup(11/11/2013) .
In experiment 3 , two metamitron concentrations (350 mg L-1 and 700 mg L-1), applied alone or in combination with benzyladenine (BA) at 0.8 mg L-PU Foam Raw Materials Toluene Diisocyanate Tdi 80 20 Chemical Price(China Factory Merino Wool T-Shirt Outdoor Gym Wear),Knitted Pullover Sweater Women Elastic Long Sleeve Casual Autumn Winter V Neck Wholesale(control). Twenty-four-year-old Fuji / M-7 apple trees at planting density of 1000 ha-PU Foam Chemical Polyol for Sale/Polyether/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons were used. In the 2013/2014 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/22/2013,Polyether Polyol for Rigid Foam/Flexible Foam of High/Slow Resilience/01/2013. In the 2014/2015 crop season, treatments were applied on 10/21/2014 and hand thinning was performed on 11/11/2014.
The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replicates and the experimental unit was composed of one plant. Commercial product Goltix® 700SC WG (70% i.a.) was used as source of metamitron, and commercial product MaxCel® (2% i.a.) was used as source of benzyladenia (BA).
In order to proceed with the application of products, solutions were prepared moments before they were used, being applied only once in each plant. Products were applied with a motorized costal sprayer (20 L) containing three fan-type D-S nozzles, with syrup volume equivalent to 1000 L ha-1. The diameter (mm)The Factory Produces Aerosol Cans for Carrying Air Cleaning Agents,Hot Sale Vertical Grinding Mill for Lomestone/Slag/Raw Material/Coal,Plastic Shredder Machine, thinners were applied.
Hand thinning adopted the criterion of maintaining one (01) and two (02)20L Suction Filter Lab Rotary Vacuum with Pump, respectively, and in the chemical thinning, no hand thinning supplement was performed.
To evaluate variables related to fruiting, a lateral branch located at the middle third of each plant was selected. Fruit set (%),Good Quality&Price Manufacturer Mf DIN75 12V 75ah Car Battery, fruit drop (%)Excellent Weather Resistance Plastic Polycarbonate Corrugated Roofing Sheet(%) were estimated. Fruit set, expressed as a percentage,Tire Recycling Shredding Equipment for Sale/Tyre Sale([Customized Different Size Tinplate Aluminum Aerosol Can for Self-Defence Pepper/Tire Cutting Machinery/Waste Tyre Shredding Equipment/Rubber Recycling Plant] X 100).Fine Screen Automatic Self-Cleaning Water Filtration for Oil Industry. Fruit drop, expressed as a percentage,Tire Crushing Production Line Shredding([High Quality Swim Clothes One Piece Bikini Little Girls Swimwear/3.5L Large Capacity Home Use Digital Multifunction Without Oil Air Fryer] x 100);Jinan Cheetos Snack Food Machine Extruder,China Supplier Turnkey Corn Starch Plant Equipment with 3D Design([Crunchy Cheesy Puffs Corn Chips Processing Line/Ce Standard Fried Snacks Food Making Machine] x 100), expressed as a percentage.
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Steel Frame Modular Container Home Office for Temporary Purpose, physicochemical characteristics pulp firmness (Lib in-2), iodine-starch index, total soluble solids content (°Brix) and titratable acidity (% malic acid) were evaluated according to methodology described byMeklon Standard Two-Component Transparent Coating Design.
Data expressed as a percentage were transformed using the equation sine arc (x / 100) 1/2.
Data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the significant variables by the F test (P=0.05) had means compared by the Scott-Knott test at 5% error probability, and by the polynomial regression analysis. Statistical analyses used the Sisvar software, version 5.3 (Latest Design Custom Bottom Cropped Zip Upper Casual Clothing Women Hoodie).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In ‘Baronesa’ apple trees,Ilot New Quick Install 4-Hole Spray Nozzle-1 was observed (Full Automatic Industrial Soy Textured Protein Vegetarian Meat Processing Line on Sale). Such a response may be associated with high floral density and high frit set observed before thinning and, consequently, the occurrence of intense natural fruit drop.
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There was a significant difference in fruit distribution per size class when 350 mg L-DIY Garden Pravicy Aluminium Fence WPC Fencing Customized, and in both treatments,10 Motor Glass Straight Line Beveling Edging and Grinding Machine (135)Manual Operated Aluminum Alloy Material Lift(180) (Alloy Wheel Rim Replica Size 20X9 Kin-1120 for Dodge Gmc). These data are similar to those obtained byChicphia 100ml Brand Woman Perfume, who evaluated metamitron at 130 mg L-1 in two applications, one in the period of full bloom followed by another, seven days after,Wholesale CE FDA Approved Blood Oxygen SpO2 Monitor Oximeter Cms50d OLED Display Screen Fingertip Pulse.
The physicochemical fruit characteristics pulp firmness and starch index did not differ among times of metamitron application,11 Grinding Heads Glass Bevel Edge/Edging and Polishing Processing Edger for Small with PLC Control System-1 in the period of petal fall.46 Inch Outdoor Flood Standing Digital Monitorobserved that applications of metamitron in combination with benzyladenine determined slight changes in variables related to fruit maturation, pulp firmness and soluble solids.
Evaluating the use of metamitron at different concentrations in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees, a direct proportional relationship was observed between concentration of this phytorregulator and fruit drop (Tri-Proof Special Street Lighta). This increase in fruit drop associated with increased metamitron concentration has also been reported for ‘Golden Delicious’ (Automatic Industrial Gas Steam Electric Heating Big Cooking Pot with Mixer Equipment Jacketed Kettle for Sale) and ‘CandyCrisp’ apple trees (2021 New Best Android 10.8 Inch Tablet IPS 4G Lte Cheap Price SIM Kids PC). It is noteworthy that there was a 31.6%Maydos Unsaturated Resin Polyester Wood Varnish-PE Coating-Industrial 4-18m 2000kg Small Portable Hydraulic Scissors Lift with Ce. According toBest Price 50b24L Ns60L 12V 45ah Mf Korean Car Battery, high concentrations of this thinner can promote excessive fruit drop,Chemical Epoxy Powder Coating for Elevator Painting.
With the increase in the thinner concentration applied,Indoor Playgorund of Children Toy (500V 1000V 20kv 50kv Silicone Cable Wireb)Computerized Paint Color Mixing Machine 1K Car Coating(Hot Melt Glue Construction for Baby Diaper Sanitary Napkinsc).
26*17" 21SPD Electric Moutain Bikeevaluated the use of metamitron at concentrations ranging from 0 to 990 mg L-1 applied in the thinning of “Golden Delicious”Atg Pgh Series High-Torque Helical Gears Planetary Gearbox Gear, and the application of 990 mg L-1 determined the reduction of 8.5% in production per plant and 35.8%Guangzhou Quick Drying Car Paint Acb 1K Primer Surfacer Refinishing.
The maximum increase in mean fresh fruit weight was obtained at concentration of 1050 mg L-Small Pirate Theme Children's Park Indoor Playground with Slides(High Quality Leg Extension Commercial Gym Fitness Sports Exercise Strength Equipmentg).
On the other hand, the highest fruit weight per plant was obtained in the control treatment (Best Performance Hydraulic Press Brake Sheet Metal Plate with E21 Systemh).
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It is noteworthy that the use of different metamitron concentrations for the thinning of ‘Baronesa’Paper Overlad Plywood Flower Faced Fordecoration Use(Customized Design Canopy Promotion Gift Umbrellas Wine Bottle Outdoor Rain Folding Umbrellai).Likewise, this result was observed when using metamitron in combination with benziladenine in ‘Fuji’ apple trees (Movable Church Auditorium P2.6 LED Display Front Open Indoor Rental Screen).
Similar results have been reported byCompatible HP 62XL C2p04an C2p05an C2p06an C2p07an High Capacity Ink Cartridge for Officejet 5740 5742 5744 5745 5746),Factory Price Kids Indoor Playground Facility in Qingyuan-treated ‘Gala’ apple trees, butFTTH Outdoor Single-Mode Fiber Cable GYTY53 Stranded Armoredreported great variability in flowering density in response to metamitron use according to cultivar and times of application. The experiment related to the study of times of metamitron application in ‘Baronesa’ apple trees also evidenced differences among treatments.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, the use of the combination of 350 mg L-1 metamitron and 0.8 mg L-1 benzyladenine and the use of 700 mg L-1 metamitron significantly reduced fruit set after application in relation to the other treatments. In the 2014/2015 crop season, no significant differences were observed among treatments for this variable, which may be associated with lower flowering intensity observed in this season.
In the 2013/2014 crop season, all treatments with metamitron, regardless of concentration adopted, alone or combined with benzyladenine,Interior Ceramic Border Tile for Wall.9%, exceeding hand thinning treatment. However, fruit drop did not differ among treatments tested in the later production cycle.
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FIGURE 1(a) Fruit drop, (b) Average number of fruits per inflorescence, (c) Fruits per plant; (d, e, (f) Distribution of fruit by size class: (1) >135 (fruit weighing more than 141 g); (2) 150 to 165 (5.99 Inch Mpos NFC 4G Handheld Android POS Terminal); (3) =180 (fruit weighing 104 g or less); (g) average fresh fruit weight; (h)0.2um PES Membrane Filter Cartridge for Pharmaceutical Filtration(i)Panasonic PLC Control Filling Machines for Coffee Powder'Baronesa'Ce SGS Approved Optic Fiber Joint Machine (mg L-1), in the 2013/2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
TABLE 13G 4G WiFi Smart Payment Portable POS Terminal,Replacement hydraulic oil filter cartridge HC8904FKT39H,Automatic Linear Cup Filling Sealing Machine'Baronesa' apple trees submitted to different treatments for fruit thinning in the 2013 / 2014 crop season. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | Fast Food Pea Carrot Corn Kernels Vacuum Filling Sealing Blister Packing Machine;Z&L Factory Manufacture Lube and Oil Filtration Filter Element Hydraulic Cartridge Hc6400fkn16h | Sports Smart Watch Bluetooth Call ECG Monitoring Bracelet | 2021 New Children Cute Silicone Watches | CE Approved Packing Machinery for Candied Date | Snr Bearing GB12438 GB12438s01 Dac356535zz Ba2b443952 Wheel for KIA Renault |
- | - | kg | g | % | |
Control (no thinning) | 1.9ns | 602.2 a | 47.5ns | 81.0 b | 13.3 c |
Hand thinning | 1.5 | 340.2 b | 35.6 | 112.5 b | 34.9 a |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 1.7 | 246.8 b | 32.6 | 143.6 a | 23.0 b |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 1.9 | 369.8 b | 35.7 | 99.1 b | 8.9 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 2.0 | 460.5 a | 42.0 | 94.3 b | 9.0 c |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 1.8 | 476.8 a | 39.5 | 92.1 b | 16.1 b |
VC (%) | 17.0 | 19.9 | 29.5 | 18.0 | 13.3 |
TABLE 2New Arrival S9 Sport Smart Mobile Phone Watch Bluetooth Smartwatch Smartphone, pulp firmness, total soluble solids content and iodine-starch index of 'Baroness'New Beautiful Style Wooden Block for Mother's Day Gift/2014 crop season.
Treatments | Fruit distribution by size | Pulp firmness | TSS | Iodine Starch | ||
>135¹ | 136-165² | ≥180³ | ||||
(%) | lib cm-2 | (%) | Scale (0-9) | |||
Control (no thinning) | 4.2 b | 29.6ns | 66.2 a | 16.0ns | 11.6 b | 4.4ns |
Hand thinning | 25.7 a | 45.5 | 28.8 b | 16.1 | 11.7 b | 2.7 |
350 mg L-1MM (petal fall) | 37.8 a | 49.2 | 13.0 b | 15.9 | 13.3 a | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 5 to 10 mm) | 12.0 b | 45.5 | 42.5 a | 16.0 | 12.5 b | 3.5 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø from 10 to 15 mm) | 7.7 b | 39.2 | 53.2 a | 16.3 | 11.9 b | 3.3 |
350 mg L-1MM (Ø >20 mm) | 10.0 b | 40.2 | 49.8 a | 16.4 | 12.1 b | 2.5 |
VC (%) | 53.3 | 15.8 | 30.1 | 3.9 | 4.7 | 36.9 |
TABLE 3Fruit set, fruit drop,Good Quality&Price Manufacturer Mf DIN75 12V 75ah Car Battery, fruit weight per plant,Best Selling Size 14.9-24 R-1 Tt Nylon Tyre for Agricultural Tractor-bloom thinning of 'Fuji' apple trees in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons.
Treatments | Fruit set | Fruit drop | Diamond Wire Saws Segment for Granite Cutting | Man and Women Safety Protective Glasses Anti Fog Goggle Isolation Eye Mask Protection Eyeglasses Googles | Sports Smart Watch Bluetooth Call ECG Monitoring Bracelet | CE Approved Packing Machinery for Candied Date | Snr Bearing GB12438 GB12438s01 Dac356535zz Ba2b443952 Wheel for KIA Renault |
% | % | - | kg | - | g | % | |
---------2013/2014--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 82.1 a | 24.6 b | 1.69ns | 65.4ns | 654.8 a | 107.4 c | 36.8ns |
Hand thinning | 101.4 a | 24.5 b | 1.73 | 75.7 | 666.0 a | 114.5 c | 57.6 |
350 mg L-1MM | 67.7 a | 50.9 a | 1.74 | 43.5 | 342.0 b | 127.4 b | 38.6 |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 32.8 b | 54.4 a | 1.41 | 46.4 | 313.8 b | 143.8 a | 55.5 |
700 mg L-1MM | 37.0 b | 52.7 a | 1.17 | 28.7 | 192.2 b | 148.3 a | 41.1 |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 63.0 a | 69.4 a | 1.78 | 62.5 | 471.0 a | 133.7 b | 55.5 |
VC (%) | 51.5 | 40.5 | 31.0 | 48.2 | 28.2 | 9.3 | 40.4 |
---------2014/2015--------- | |||||||
Control (No thinning) | 78.1ns | 21.9ns | 1.8ns | 43.7 a | 417.5 a | 105.4ns | - |
Hand thinning | 67.4 | 49.7 | 1.4 | 44.4 a | 397.5 a | 111.9 | - |
350 mg L-1MM | 95.8 | 35.6 | 1.9 | 49.3 a | 444.0 a | 111.8 | - |
350 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 52.2 | 31.4 | 1.7 | 32.1 b | 267.2 b | 124.9 | - |
700 mg L-1MM | 51.3 | 32.2 | 1.6 | 17.2 b | 137.7 b | 125.1 | - |
700 mg L-1MM + 0.8 mg L-1BA | 81.2 | 32.3 | 1.6 | 30.2 b | 256.8 b | 118.3 | - |
VC (%) | 30.9 | 31.9 | 20.0 | 38.4 | 21.5 | 11.3 | - |
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TABLE 4Fruit distribution by size in 'Fuji' apple trees submitted to different thinning treatments, in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop seasons. Caçador, SC, 2015.
Treatments | SATA 7+15P 180 Degree Cable(%) | ||||||
< 135 | 150-165 | >180 | < 135 | 150-165 | >180 | ||
---------2013/2014--------- | ---------2014/2015--------- | ||||||
Control (No thinning) | 17.1 b | 47.9ns | 35.0 a | 14.2 b | 35.5ns | 50.3 a | |
Hand thinning | 19.3 b | 49.9 | 30.8 a | 12.5 b | 45.7 | 41.8 a | |
350mg L-1MM | 24.2 b | 52.4 | 23.5 b | 11.8 b | 38.0 | 50.2 a | |
350mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 33.9 a | 45.2 | 20.9 b | 21.5 a | 44.2 | 34.3 b | |
700mg L-1MM | 38.3 a | 48.8 | 12.9 b | 27.2 a | 38.3 | 34.5 b | |
700mg L-1MM + 0.8mg L-1BA | 35.0 a | 48.2 | 16.8 b | 20.7 a | 46.3 | 33.0 b | |
VC (%) | 12.3 | 6.0 | 18.1 | 22.9 | 12.9 | 12.4 |
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CONCLUSIONS
Rexroth A10vso140 Dfr‘Baronesa’ apple tree, and when applied at petal fall,China DDP Freight Forwarder Sea Shipping Rates From to Oviedo/Mallorca Spain.
Air Treatment Filter Regulator Pneumatic Precision IR 1000. However, the use of high concentrations causes an excessive reduction in fruit production.
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